Liquid-liquid partition chromatography has been used for many years as a model and teaching introduction to column chromatography. However, the partition model does not describe separations on bonded phases with porous supports particularly well, especially regarding the thermodynamics controlling solute distribution. Further difficulties arise when more than one mechanism is involved in solute retention. Nomenclature is not perfectly aligned with the underlying thermodynamic descriptors and is inconsistently applied over various chromatographic techniques. Presented here is a general description of retention that spans partition, size exclusion, and hydrodynamic separation processes, and is then applied to bonded-phase separations on porous supports. The model provides a general description applicable to adsorption, reversed-phase, hydrophilic interaction, size-exclusion, hydrodynamic chromatography, and any combination of these techniques including liquid chromatography at the critical condition. Further expansion to include retention by ion-exchange and field-flow fractionation appears to be possible. Recommendations on retention factor definition and evaluation are given.

中文翻译：

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色谱中分配，尺寸排阻和流体力学模型的组合，以及对多孔载体上键合相的应用。

液-液分配色谱法已被用作色谱柱色谱的模型和教学入门已有多年。但是，分区模型没有很好地描述键合相与多孔载体的分离，特别是在控制溶质分布的热力学方面。当溶质保留涉及一种以上的机制时，还会出现更多的困难。命名与潜在的热力学描述词并不完全一致，并且不一致地应用于各种色谱技术。这里介绍的是保留的一般说明，其涵盖了分配，尺寸排阻和流体动力分离过程，然后应用于多孔载体上的键合相分离。该模型提供了适用于吸附，反相，亲水作用，尺寸排阻，流体动力学色谱法以及包括临界条件下液相色谱法在内的这些技术的任意组合。似乎有可能进一步扩展以包括通过离子交换和场流分级分离的保留。给出了有关保留因子定义和评估的建议。