In Islamic societies, issues related to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) are rarely discussed and considered sensitive subjects. This review aimed to identify any personal, religious, cultural, or structural barriers to SRH service and education among Muslim women worldwide. A search for qualitative and quantitative studies was conducted on seven electronic databases. A narrative synthesis using thematic analysis was conducted. Fifty-nine studies were included from 22 countries: 19 qualitative, 38 quantitative and two mixed methods. Many Muslim women have poor SRH knowledge, and negative attitudes which influence their access to, and use of SRH services. Barriers to contraception use among Muslim women included a lack of basic reproductive knowledge, insufficient knowledge about contraception, misconceptions, and negative attitudes. Women had negative attitudes towards family planning for limiting the number of children but not for child spacing, which reflected religious views towards family planning. Religious and cultural beliefs were barriers to contraception use and access to SRH services and information. Family and the community have a significant impact on women’s contraceptive use and access to SRH services. Husband and family opposition played a significant role in contraception access and use. Fear of stigmatization and being labelled as having pre-marital sexual relations among unmarried women acted as the main barrier to accessing contraception and seeking SRH information and services. The findings reveal that there are multiple levels of factors that influence Muslim women’s SRH. Poor SRH knowledge and practices among Muslim women is complex matter that is affected by personal, community, cultural, religious factors and existing policies and regulations. All these factors overlap and are affected by each other. There is an urgent need for interventions addressing modifiable barriers to SRH education and services to improve knowledge, informed choice and access to services to facilitate better sexual and reproductive wellbeing for Muslim women. It is important to note that while this review aimed to report findings on Muslim women, we acknowledge that significant variations exist within every culture and religion.

中文翻译：

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影响穆斯林妇女性健康和生殖健康的因素：系统评价

在伊斯兰社会，与性和生殖健康（SRH）相关的问题很少被讨论并被视为敏感话题。本次审查旨在查明全球穆斯林妇女在性健康和生殖健康服务和教育方面存在的任何个人、宗教、文化或结构性障碍。在七个电子数据库中进行了定性和定量研究的搜索。使用主题分析进行叙述综合。纳入了来自 22 个国家的 59 项研究：19 项定性研究、38 项定量研究和 2 项混合方法。许多穆斯林妇女对性健康和生殖健康知识匮乏，态度消极，影响了她们获得和使用性健康和生殖健康服务。穆斯林妇女避孕的障碍包括缺乏基本的生殖知识、避孕知识不足、误解和消极态度。妇女对计划生育的态度是消极的，因为计划生育限制了孩子的数量，但对孩子的间隔却没有态度，这反映了对计划生育的宗教观点。宗教和文化信仰是使用避孕药具以及获得性健康和生殖健康服务和信息的障碍。家庭和社区对妇女避孕药具的使用和获得性健康和生殖健康服务具有重大影响。丈夫和家庭的反对在避孕药具的获取和使用中发挥了重要作用。对未婚妇女遭受耻辱和被贴上婚前性关系标签的恐惧是获得避孕药具和寻求性健康和生殖健康信息和服务的主要障碍。研究结果表明，影响穆斯林妇女性健康和生殖健康的因素有多个层面。穆斯林妇女缺乏性健康和生殖健康知识和实践是一个复杂的问题，受到个人、社区、文化、宗教因素以及现行政策和法规的影响。所有这些因素相互重叠且相互影响。迫切需要采取干预措施，解决性健康和生殖健康教育和服务方面可改变的障碍，以提高知识、知情选择和获得服务的机会，从而促进穆斯林妇女更好的性和生殖福祉。值得注意的是，虽然本次审查旨在报告有关穆斯林妇女的调查结果，但我们承认每种文化和宗教之间都存在显着差异。