In this systematic review we investigate which instrumented measurements are available to assess motor impairments, related activity limitations and participation restrictions in children and young adults with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. We aim to classify these instrumented measurements using the categories of the international classification of functioning, disability and health for children and youth (ICF-CY) and provide an overview of the outcome parameters. A systematic literature search was performed in November 2019. We electronically searched Pubmed, Embase and Scopus databases. Search blocks included (a) cerebral palsy, (b) athetosis, dystonia and/or dyskinesia, (c) age 2–24 years and (d) instrumented measurements (using keywords such as biomechanics, sensors, smartphone, and robot). Our search yielded 4537 articles. After inspection of titles and abstracts, a full text of 245 of those articles were included and assessed for further eligibility. A total of 49 articles met our inclusion criteria. A broad spectrum of instruments and technologies are used to assess motor function in dyskinetic cerebral palsy, with the majority using 3D motion capture and surface electromyography. Only for a small number of instruments methodological quality was assessed, with only one study showing an adequate assessment of test-retest reliability. The majority of studies was at ICF-CY function and structure level and assessed control of voluntary movement (29 of 49) mainly in the upper extremity, followed by assessment of involuntary movements (15 of 49), muscle tone/motor reflex (6 of 49), gait pattern (5 of 49) and muscle power (2 of 49). At ICF-CY level of activities and participation hand and arm use (9 of 49), fine hand use (5 of 49), lifting and carrying objects (3 of 49), maintaining a body position (2 of 49), walking (1 of 49) and moving around using equipment (1 of 49) was assessed. Only a few methods are potentially suitable outside the clinical environment (e.g. inertial sensors, accelerometers). Although the current review shows the potential of several instrumented methods to be used as objective outcome measures in dyskinetic cerebral palsy, their methodological quality is still unknown. Future development should focus on evaluating clinimetrics, including validating against clinical meaningfulness. New technological developments should aim for measurements that can be applied outside the laboratory.

中文翻译：

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运动障碍性脑瘫运动功能的仪器评估：系统评价。

在这篇系统综述中，我们调查了哪些仪器测量可用于评估运动障碍性脑瘫儿童和年轻人的运动障碍、相关活动限制和参与限制。我们的目标是使用儿童和青少年功能、残疾和健康国际分类 (ICF-CY) 的类别对这些仪器测量进行分类，并提供结果参数的概述。2019 年 11 月进行了系统文献检索。我们通过电子方式检索了 Pubmed、Embase 和 Scopus 数据库。搜索块包括 (a) 脑瘫、(b) 手足徐动症、肌张力障碍和/或运动障碍、(c) 年龄 2-24 岁和 (d) 仪器测量（使用生物力学、传感器、智能手机和机器人等关键词）。我们的搜索产生了 4537 篇文章。在检查标题和摘要后，纳入了其中 245 篇文章的全文，并对其进一步资格进行了评估。共有 49 篇文章符合我们的纳入标准。多种仪器和技术用于评估运动障碍性脑瘫的运动功能，其中大多数使用 3D 动作捕捉和表面肌电图。仅对少数仪器的方法学质量进行了评估，只有一项研究显示了对重测可靠性的充分评估。大多数研究是在 ICF-CY 功能和结构水平上进行的，主要评估上肢的自主运动控制（49 项中的 29 项），其次评估不自主运动（49 项中的 15 项）、肌张力/运动反射（49 项中的 6 项）。 49）、步态模式（49 中的 5）和肌肉力量（49 中的 2）。在 ICF-CY 级别的活动和参与中，手和手臂的使用（49 项中的 9 项）、手部精细使用（49 项中的 5 项）、举起和搬运物体（49 项中的 3 项）、保持身体姿势（49 项中的 2 项）、行走（评估了 49 中的 1）和使用设备四处走动（49 中的 1）。只有少数方法可能适用于临床环境之外（例如惯性传感器、加速度计）。尽管目前的综述显示了几种仪器方法可用作运动障碍性脑瘫客观结果测量的潜力，但它们的方法学质量仍然未知。未来的发展应侧重于评估临床计量学，包括验证临床意义。新技术的发展应该以可在实验室外应用的测量为目标。