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Factors associated with risk of developmental delay in preschool children in a setting with high rates of malnutrition: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the IHOPE study, Madagascar
BMC Pediatrics ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-06 , DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-1985-6
Ann C. Miller , Andres Garchitorena , Faramalala Rabemananjara , Laura Cordier , Marius Randriamanambintsoa , Victor Rabeza , Hery-Tiana Rahaniraka Razanadrakoto , Ranaivozafindary Rakoto Ramakasoa , Olivier RamahefarisonTiana , Baolova Nathaline Ratsimbazafy , Mohammed Ali Ouenzar , Matthew H. Bonds , Lisy Ratsifandrihamanana

50% of Malagasy children have moderate to severe stunting. In 2016, a new 10 year National Nutrition Action Plan (PNAN III) was initiated to help address stunting and developmental delay. We report factors associated with risk of developmental delay in 3 and 4 year olds in the rural district of Ifanadiana in southeastern Madagascar in 2016. The data are from a cross-sectional analysis of the 2016 wave of IHOPE panel data (a population-representative cohort study begun in 2014). We interviewed women ages 15–49 using the MICS Early Child Development Indicator (ECDI) module, which includes questions for physical, socio-emotional, learning and literacy/numeracy domains. We analyzed ECDI data using standardized z scores for relative relationships for 2 outcomes: at-risk-for-delay vs. an international standard, and lower-development-than-peers if ECDI z scores were > 1 standard deviation below study mean. Covariates included demographics, adult involvement, household environment, and selected child health factors. Variables significant at alpha of 0.1 were included a multivariable model; final models used backward stepwise regression, clustered at the sampling level. Of 432 children ages 3 and 4 years, 173 (40%) were at risk for delay compared to international norms and 68 children (16.0%) had lower-development than peers. This was driven mostly by the literacy/numeracy domain, with only 7% of children considered developmentally on track in that domain. 50.5% of children had moderate to severe stunting. 76 (17.6%) had > = 4 stimulation activities in past 3 days. Greater paternal engagement (OR 1.5 (1.09, 2.07)) was associated with increased delay vs. international norms. Adolescent motherhood (OR. 4.09 (1.40, 11.87)) decreased children’s development vs. peers. Engagement from a non-parental adult reduced odds of delay for both outcomes (OR (95%CI = 0.76 (0.63, 0.91) & 0.27 (0.15, 0 48) respectively). Stunting was not associated with delay risk (1.36 (0.85, 2.15) or low development (0.92 (0.48, 1.78)) when controlling for other factors. In this setting of high child malnutrition, stunting is not independently associated with developmental risk. A low proportion of children receive developmentally supportive stimulation from adults, but non-parent adults provide more stimulation in general than either mother or father. Stimulation from non-parent adults is associated with lower odds of delay.

中文翻译:

营养不良率高的环境中与学龄前儿童发育延迟风险相关的因素:来自马达加斯加IHOPE研究数据的横断面分析

马达加斯加儿童中有50%的儿童发育迟缓为中度到重度。2016年,启动了新的《十年国家营养行动计划》(PNAN III),以帮助解决发育迟缓和发育迟缓问题。我们报告了2016年马达加斯加东南部Ifanadiana农村地区3岁和4岁儿童发育迟缓风险的相关因素。数据来自对2016年IHOPE面板数据(人口代表队列)的横断面分析研究于2014年开始)。我们使用MICS幼儿发展指标(ECDI)模块采访了15-49岁的女性,该模块包括有关身体,社会情感,学习和识字/计算领域的问题。我们使用标准化的z得分对ECDI数据进行了分析,以得出2种结果的相对关系:延迟风险与国际标准,如果ECDI z得分比研究平均值低1个标准差,则其发展水平低于同龄人。协变量包括人口统计学,成人参与程度,家庭环境和部分儿童健康因素。α为0.1的显着变量包括多变量模型;最终模型使用向后逐步回归,并集中在抽样级别。与国际规范相比,在432岁的3岁和4岁儿童中,有173名(40%)有延迟的风险,而68名儿童(16.0%)的发育较同龄人低。这主要是由识字/算术领域推动的,只有7%的儿童在该领域处于发展轨道。50.5%的儿童患有中度至重度发育不良。在过去3天中,有76(17.6%)人具有> = 4刺激活动。家长的参与度更高(OR 1.5(1.09,2。07))与国际规范的延迟增加有关。与同龄人相比,青春期的母亲(OR。4.09(1.40,11.87))降低了儿童的发育。非父母成年人的参与减少了两种预后的延迟机率(OR(95%CI = 0.76(0.63,0.91)&0.27(0.15,0 48))。发育迟缓与延迟风险无关(1.36(0.85,在控制其他因素时为2.15)或低发育(0.92(0.48,1.78))在这种儿童营养不良高的情况下,发育迟缓并不是独立地与发育风险相关的。低比例的儿童会受到成年人的发育支持刺激,但没有-父母成年人通常比母亲或父亲提供更多的刺激;非父母成年人的刺激与较低的延迟几率相关。09(1.40,11.87))与同龄人相比,儿童的发育下降。非父母成年人的参与减少了两种预后的延迟机率(OR(95%CI = 0.76(0.63,0.91)&0.27(0.15,0 48))。发育迟缓与延迟风险无关(1.36(0.85,在控制其他因素时为2.15)或低发育(0.92(0.48,1.78))在这种儿童营养不良高的情况下,发育迟缓并不是独立地与发育风险相关的。低比例的儿童会受到成年人的发育支持刺激,但没有-父母成年人通常比母亲或父亲提供更多的刺激;非父母成年人的刺激与较低的延迟几率相关。09(1.40,11.87))与同龄人相比,儿童的发育下降。非父母成年人的参与减少了两种预后的延迟几率(OR(95%CI = 0.76(0.63,0.91)&0.27(0.15,0 48))。发育迟缓与延迟风险无关(1.36(0.85,在控制其他因素时为2.15)或低发育(0.92(0.48,1.78))在这种儿童营养不良高的情况下,发育迟缓并不是独立地与发育风险相关的。低比例的儿童会受到成年人的发育支持刺激,但没有-父母成年人通常比母亲或父亲提供更多的刺激;非父母成年人的刺激与较低的延迟几率相关。76(0.63,0.91)和0.27(0.15,0 48))。当控制其他因素时,发育迟缓与延迟风险(1.36(0.85,2.15)或低发育(0.92(0.48,1.78))不相关。在这种儿童营养不良高的情况下,发育迟缓并不独立与发育风险相关。比例的儿童受到成年人的发育支持性刺激,但非父母成年人比母亲或父亲提供的刺激更多,非父母成年人的刺激与较低的延误几率相关。76(0.63,0.91)和0.27(0.15,0 48))。当控制其他因素时,发育迟缓与延迟风险(1.36(0.85,2.15)或低发育(0.92(0.48,1.78))无关;在这种儿童营养不良高的情况下,发育迟缓并不独立与发育风险相关。比例的儿童受到成年人的发育支持性刺激,但非父母成年人比母亲或父亲提供的刺激更多,非父母成年人的刺激与较低的延误几率相关。一小部分儿童会受到成年人的发育支持刺激,但非父母成年人通常比母亲或父亲提供更多的刺激。非父母成年人的刺激与较低的延迟机率相关。一小部分儿童会受到成年人的发育支持刺激,但非父母成年人通常比母亲或父亲提供更多的刺激。非父母成年人的刺激与较低的延迟机率相关。
更新日期:2020-03-06
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