BACKGROUND Bolivia has the highest prevalence of cervical cancer in South America and the prevalence of viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among people in urban cities is increasing. Little is known about the prevalence of viral STIs in rural communities, which generally have limited access to health care. In order to study the prevalence of viral STIs in rural Bolivia, we recruited women from villages and towns in the Department of La Paz in Bolivia. METHODS Three hundred ninety-four female participants were assessed for IgG-antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV, anti-HBc), as well as for the presence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in dried blood spots. The prevalence of 12 high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) was assessed by qPCR in dried cervicovaginal cell spots from 376 of these women. χ2 test was used to compare variables between the populations and binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with the positivity of the tests. RESULTS The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 53% and of HBV 10.3%. HBAg was detected in 15.8% of women with anti-HBV antibodies indicating chronic infection. The frequency of high-risk HPV infection was 27%, with the most prevalent high-risk HPV types being HPV 56, 39 and 31 followed by HPV 16 and 18. Finally, none of the 394 women were seropositive for HIV, and about 64% of the studied population was positive for at least one of the viral infections. CONCLUSIONS Women in Bolivian rural communities in La Paz show a high prevalence of HBV, HPV and, in particular, HSV-2. In contrast, none of the women were HIV positive, suggesting that the HIV prevalence in this population is low. The pattern of high-risk HPV types differed from many other countries with a predominance of HPV-types not included in the Gardasil vaccine which was officially introduced in Bolivia in April 2017.

中文翻译：

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玻利维亚拉巴斯省农村社区妇女的病毒性传播感染和HPV高风险基因型流行。

背景技术玻利维亚在南美的子宫颈癌患病率最高，并且城市人群中病毒性传播感染（STI）的患病率正在增加。关于农村社区的病毒性传播感染的流行情况知之甚少，而农村社区通常无法获得医疗服务。为了研究玻利维亚农村地区病毒性传播感染的患病率，我们从玻利维亚拉巴斯省的村庄和城镇招募了妇女。方法评估了394名女性参与者的2型单纯疱疹病毒（HSV-2），人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV，抗HBc）的IgG抗体以及是否存在干血斑中HBV表面抗原（HBsAg）的含量。通过qPCR在其中376名妇女的干燥宫颈细胞斑点中通过qPCR评估了12种高风险类型的人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的患病率。χ2检验用于比较人群之间的变量，二元逻辑回归用于识别与检验阳性相关的危险因素。结果HSV-2的血清阳性率为53％，HBV的血清阳性率为10.3％。在15.8％的抗HBV抗体女性中检测到HBAg，表明存在慢性感染。高危HPV感染的频率为27％，其中最普遍的高危HPV类型为HPV 56、39和31，其次是HPV 16和18。最后，这394名女性中没有一名对HIV呈血清阳性，而约64名女性％的研究人群中至少一种病毒感染呈阳性。结论拉巴斯的玻利维亚农村社区的妇女表现出很高的HBV，HPV感染率，尤其是HSV-2。相反，没有女性是艾滋病毒呈阳性，这表明该人群的艾滋病毒感染率很低。高风险HPV类型的模式与许多其他国家不同，主要是2017年4月在玻利维亚正式推出的Gardasil疫苗中未包含的HPV类型。