BACKGROUND The occurrence of segmental/lobar pattern pneumonia (S/L-PP) in children has recently increased. The pathogens of the disease may change for the misuse of antibiotics and the application of vaccines. Therefore, pathogens positive in hospitalized children with S/L-PP and their association with clinical characteristics may have changed. The aim of this study was to analyze the pathogens positive in hospitalized children with S/L-PP and their association with clinical characteristics. METHOD The current study analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pathogens positive in children with S/L-PP under 14 years old at a single hospital between 1st Jan 2014 and 31st Dec 2018 retrospectively. The pathogens were detected by microbial cultivation, indirect immunofluorescence of the kit (PNEUMOSLIDE IgM), Elisa, and/or real-time PCR in the samples of the patients. RESULTS A total of 593 children with S/L-PP received treatment at a single hospital during the study period by inclusion criteria. Four hundred fifty-one patients were single positive for one pathogen and 83 patients were positive for at least 2 pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.pneumoniae) (72.34%) was the most commonly detected pathogen, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) (8.77%). The prevalence of M.pneumoniae in children with S/L-PP increased with time (p < 0.05). The positive rate of M.pneumoniae increased with ages of patients (p < 0.05). M.pneumoniae was statistically associated with the extrapulmonary manifestations while S.pneumoniae was statistically associated with abnormal white blood cells (WBCs) and C reactive proteins (CRPs) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION M.pneumoniae was the most positive pathogen in children with S/L-PP. The positive rate of M.pneumoniae in children with S/L-PP increased with time and the ages of children. M.pneumoniae was associated with extrapulmonary manifestations while S.pneumoniae was associated with abnormal WBCs and CRPs.

中文翻译：

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分段/大叶型肺炎住院儿童阳性的病原体的流行病学和临床特征。

背景技术儿童节段性/大叶型肺炎（S / L-PP）的发生率最近有所增加。疾病的病原体可能会因滥用抗生素和疫苗的使用而发生变化。因此，住院的S / L-PP儿童阳性的病原体及其与临床特征的关系可能已经改变。这项研究的目的是分析住院的S / L-PP儿童的病原体阳性及其与临床特征的关系。方法本研究回顾性分析了2014年1月1日至2018年12月31日期间在一家医院内14岁以下S / L-PP儿童患病菌阳性的流行病学和临床特征。通过微生物培养，试剂盒的间接免疫荧光（PNEUMOSLIDE IgM），Elisa，和/或患者样本中的实时PCR。结果根据纳入标准，研究期间共有593名S / L-PP儿童在一家医院接受过治疗。451名患者对一种病原体呈单一阳性，而83名患者对至少2种病原体呈阳性。肺炎支原体（M.pneumoniae）（72.34％）是最常见的病原体，其次是肺炎链球菌（S. pneumoniae）（8.77％）。S / L-PP患儿肺炎支原体的患病率随时间增加（p <0.05）。肺炎支原体的阳性率随患者年龄的增加而增加（p <0.05）。肺炎链球菌与肺外表现在统计学上相关，而肺炎链球菌与异常白细胞（WBC）和C反应蛋白（CRP）在统计学上相关（p <0.05）。结论M. 肺炎是S / L-PP患儿中最阳性的病原体。S / L-PP患儿肺炎支原体的阳性率随时间和儿童年龄的增加而增加。肺炎链球菌与肺外表现有关，而肺炎链球菌与白细胞和CRP异常有关。