In contrast to most animal species, polyploid plant species are quite tolerant of aneuploidy. Here, the global transcriptome of four aneuploid derivatives of a synthetic hexaploid wheat line was acquired, with the goal of characterizing the relationship between gene copy number and transcript abundance. For most of the genes mapped to the chromosome involved in aneuploidy, the abundance of transcripts reflected the gene copy number. Aneuploidy had a greater effect on the strength of transcription of genes mapped to the chromosome present in a noneuploid dose than on that of genes mapped elsewhere in the genome. Overall, changing the copy number of one member of a homeologous set had little effect on the abundance of transcripts generated from the set of homeologs as a whole, consistent with the tolerance of aneuploidy exhibited by allopolyploids, whether in the form of a chromosomal deficit (monosomy) or chromosomal excess (trisomy). Our findings shed new light on the genetic regulation of homeoallele transcription and contribute to a deeper understanding of allopolyploid genome evolution, with implications for the breeding of polyploid crops.

中文翻译：

---

转录组学观点的新生六倍体小麦耐受非整倍性的能力

与大多数动物物种相比，多倍体植物物种对非整倍性的耐受性很高。在这里，获得了一个合成六倍体小麦品系的四个非整倍体衍生物的全局转录组，目的是表征基因拷贝数和转录本丰度之间的关系。对于映射到涉及非整倍性染色体的大多数基因，转录本的丰富程度反映了基因拷贝数。非整倍性对映射到非整倍剂量存在的染色体上的基因的转录强度的影响大于对基因组中其他位置映射的基因的转录强度的影响。总体而言，更改同源序列中一个成员的拷贝数对从同源序列集合整体生成的转录本的丰度影响很小，这与同倍体对非整倍性的耐受性相符，无论是染色体缺陷（单染色体）还是染色体过量（三体）。我们的发现为同源等位基因转录的遗传调控提供了新的思路，并有助于加深对同素多倍体基因组进化的了解，这对多倍体作物的育种具有重要意义。