Without sufficient alternatives to crude oil, as demand continues to rise, the global economy will undergo a drastic decline as oil prices explode. Dependence on crude oil and growing environmental impairment must eventually be overcome by creating a sustainable and profitable alternative based on renewable and accessible feedstock. One of the promising solutions for the current and near-future is the substitution of fossil fuels with sustainable liquid feedstock for biofuel production. Among the different renewable liquid feedstock’s studied, wastewater is the least explored one for biodiesel production. Sago wastewater is the byproduct of the cassava processing industry and has starch content ranging from 4 to 7%. The present investigation was aimed to produce microbial lipids from oleaginous yeast, Candida tropicalis ASY2 for use as biodiesel feedstock and simultaneously decontaminate the sago processing wastewater for reuse. Initial screening of oleaginous yeast to find an efficient amylolytic with maximum lipid productivity resulted in a potent oleaginous yeast strain, C. tropicalis ASY2, that utilizes SWW as a substrate. Shake flask experiments are conducted over a fermentation time of 240 h to determine a suitable fatty acid composition using GC-FID for biodiesel production with simultaneous removal of SWW pollutants using ASY2. The maximum biomass of 0.021 g L−1 h−1 and lipid productivity of 0.010 g L−1 h−1 was recorded in SWW with lipid content of 49%. The yeast strain degraded cyanide in SWW (79%) and also removed chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO3), ammoniacal (NH4), and phosphate (PO4) ions (84%, 92%, 100%, 98%, and 85%, respectively). GC-FID analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) revealed high oleic acid content (41.33%), which is one of the primary fatty acids for biodiesel production. It is evident that the present study provides an innovative and ecologically sustainable technology that generates valuable fuel, biodiesel using SWW as a substrate and decontaminates for reuse.

中文翻译：

---

使用热带念珠菌 ASY2 同时生产生物柴油原料的脂质和净化西米加工废水

如果没有足够的原油替代品，随着需求的持续上升，全球经济将随着油价的暴涨而急剧下滑。对原油的依赖和日益严重的环境损害必须最终通过创造一种基于可再生和可获取原料的可持续和有利可图的替代方案来克服。当前和不久的将来有希望的解决方案之一是用可持续的液体原料替代化石燃料来生产生物燃料。在研究的不同可再生液体原料中，废水是生物柴油生产中探索最少的一种。西米废水是木薯加工业的副产品，淀粉含量在 4% 到 7% 之间。本研究旨在从产油酵母中生产微生物脂质，热带假丝酵母 ASY2 用作生物柴油原料，同时对西米加工废水进行净化以供再利用。含油酵母的初步筛选以找到具有最大脂质生产力的有效淀粉分解产生了一种有效的含油酵母菌株，热带假丝酵母 ASY2，它利用 SWW 作为底物。摇瓶实验在 240 小时的发酵时间内进行，以确定使用 GC-FID 生产生物柴油的合适脂肪酸组成，同时使用 ASY2 去除 SWW 污染物。在 SWW 中记录的最大生物量为 0.021 g L-1 h-1，脂质生产力为 0.010 g L-1 h-1，脂质含量为 49%。酵母菌株降解 SWW 中的氰化物 (79%) 并去除化学需氧量 (COD)、生物需氧量 (BOD)、硝酸盐 (NO3)、氨水 (NH4)、和磷酸盐 (PO4) 离子（分别为 84%、92%、100%、98% 和 85%）。脂肪酸甲酯 (FAME) 的 GC-FID 分析显示油酸含量高 (41.33%)，它是生物柴油生产的主要脂肪酸之一。很明显，本研究提供了一种创新和生态可持续的技术，该技术可以生产有价值的燃料、使用 SWW 作为基质的生物柴油，并进行净化以供再利用。