Mechanochromic Polymers Based on Microencapsulated Solvatochromic Dyes,Macromolecular Rapid Communications

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Mechanochromic Polymers Based on Microencapsulated Solvatochromic Dyes
Macromolecular Rapid Communications ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-05 , DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900654
Céline Calvino _{1,

2} , Emma Henriet _{1,

3} , Livius F. Muff ₁ , Stephen Schrettl ₁ , Christoph Weder ₁

Affiliation

The development of polymers with built‐in sensors that provide readily perceptible optical warning signs of mechanical events has received considerable interest. A simple and versatile concept to bestow polymers with mechanochromic behavior is the incorporation of dye‐filled microcapsules. Such capsules release their cargo when their shell is damaged, and the dye is subsequently activated through a chemical or physical change that causes a chromogenic response. Here, we report the preparation of fluorescent poly(urea‐formaldehyde) microcapsules containing solutions of a solvatochromic cyanostilbene dye and their integration in different polymers. When objects made from such composites are damaged, the dye solution is released from the containers, diffuses into the matrix, and the solvent evaporates. As a result, the polarity around the dye molecules changes, and this leads to a change of the fluorescence color. Alternatively, the dye is blended into the polymer matrix, microcapsules are loaded with a solvent, and the release of the latter triggers the color change. Both mechanisms afford ratiometric signals because the capsules that remain intact or dye molecules that are not exposed to the solvent can be used as a built‐in reference; therefore, a quantitative assessment of the damage inflicted on the material is a priori possible.

中文翻译：

基于微囊化溶剂变色染料的机械变色聚合物

带有内置传感器的聚合物的开发引起了人们的广泛兴趣，该传感器提供了易于感知的机械事件的光学警告信号。赋予聚合物具有机械变色特性的简单且通用的概念是掺入染料填充的微胶囊。此类胶囊在外壳受损时释放其货物，随后通过化学或物理变化激活染料，从而引起生色反应。在这里，我们报道了含有聚变色氰基二苯乙烯染料溶液的荧光聚（脲甲醛）微囊的制备及其在不同聚合物中的整合。当由此类复合材料制成的物品损坏时，染料溶液会从容器中释放出来，扩散到基质中，并且溶剂会蒸发。结果是，染料分子周围的极性改变，这导致荧光颜色改变。或者，将染料混合到聚合物基质中，在微胶囊中加入溶剂，溶剂的释放触发颜色变化。两种机制都提供比例信号，因为可以将完整的胶囊或未暴露于溶剂的染料分子用作内置参考。因此，事先对材料造成的损害进行定量评估是可能的。这两种机制都提供比例信号，因为可以将完整的胶囊或未暴露于溶剂的染料分子用作内置参考。因此，事先对材料造成的损害进行定量评估是可能的。两种机制都提供比例信号，因为可以将保持完整的胶囊或未暴露于溶剂的染料分子用作内置参考。因此，事先对材料造成的损害进行定量评估是可能的。

更新日期：2020-03-05

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