Aging is a natural biological process in living organisms characterized by receding bioenergetics. Mitochondria are crucial for cellular bioenergetics and thus an important contributor to age-related energetics deterioration. In addition, mitochondria play a major role in calcium signaling, redox homeostasis, and thermogenesis making this organelle a major cellular component that dictates the fate of a cell. To maintain its quantity and quality, mitochondria undergo multiple processes such as fission, fusion, and mitophagy to eliminate or replace damaged mitochondria. While this bioenergetics machinery is properly protected, the functional decline associated with age and age-related metabolic diseases is mostly a result of failure in such protective mechanisms. In addition, metabolic by-products like reactive oxygen species also aid in this destructive pathway. Mitochondrial dysfunction has always been thought to be associated with diseases. Moreover, studies in recent years have pointed out that aging contributes to the decay of mitochondrial health by promoting imbalances in key mitochondrial-regulated pathways. Hence, it is crucial to understand the nexus of mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases. This review focuses on various aspects of basic mitochondrial biology and its status in aging and age-related metabolic diseases.

中文翻译：

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与年龄相关的代谢性疾病中的线粒体功能障碍。

衰老是生物体内自然生物学过程，其特征在于生物能学的下降。线粒体对于细胞生物能学至关重要，因此是与年龄相关的能量学退化的重要因素。另外，线粒体在钙信号传导，氧化还原稳态和生热中起主要作用，使该细胞器成为决定细胞命运的主要细胞成分。为了保持其数量和质量，线粒体经历了多个过程，例如裂变，融合和线粒体吞噬，以消除或替换受损的线粒体。虽然该生物能学机制得到了适当的保护，但与年龄和年龄相关的代谢性疾病相关的功能下降主要是这种保护机制失效的结果。此外，代谢副产物（如活性氧）也有助于这种破坏性途径。线粒体功能障碍一直被认为与疾病有关。此外，近年来的研究指出，衰老通过促进关键的线粒体调控途径的失衡而加剧了线粒体健康。因此，了解与年龄有关的疾病中线粒体功能障碍的关系至关重要。这篇综述着重于线粒体基本生物学的各个方面及其在衰老和与年龄相关的代谢性疾病中的地位。了解年龄相关疾病中线粒体功能障碍的关系至关重要。这篇综述着重于线粒体基本生物学的各个方面及其在衰老和与年龄相关的代谢性疾病中的地位。了解年龄相关疾病中线粒体功能障碍的关系至关重要。这篇综述着重于线粒体基本生物学的各个方面及其在衰老和与年龄相关的代谢性疾病中的地位。