Abstract Links between the human facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) and aggressive behaviours have been debated in recent years. The question of whether fWHR is a cue to dominance could benefit from the study of primate species that are closely related to humans. We therefore built on the broad literature in humans, and recent research in capuchins, macaques and bonobos, and examined associations between fWHR in 131 captive chimpanzees from the United States, United Kingdom and Japan, and measures of age, sex, subspecies (Pan troglodytes verus, P. t. schweinfurthii, P. t. troglodytes), and six personality components (Dominance, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Openness). We found no evidence for sexual dimorphism in fWHR, as has been found in humans. We did find a positive relationship between fWHR and Dominance in P. t. verus, but only in adult females. This finding contrasts with that in humans, where dominant males have wider faces. We discuss these results in light of male-female differences in temporal rank stability, and in contrast to findings for bonobos, providing a useful perspective for fWHR research in humans.

中文翻译：

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黑猩猩面部宽高比：与年龄、性别和个性的联系

摘要 近年来，人类面部宽高比 (fWHR) 与攻击行为之间的联系一直存在争议。fWHR 是否是支配地位的线索的问题可以从与人类密切相关的灵长类动物物种的研究中受益。因此，我们以人类的广泛文献和最近对卷尾猴、猕猴和倭黑猩猩的研究为基础，研究了来自美国、英国和日本的 131 只圈养黑猩猩的 fWHR 与年龄、性别、亚种（Pan troglodytes verus、P. t. schweinfurthii、P. t. troglodytes）和六个人格成分（支配性、外向性、尽责性、宜人性、神经质和开放性）。我们没有发现 fWHR 性别二态性的证据，就像在人类中发现的那样。我们确实发现 fWHR 和 P. t 中的优势之间存在正相关关系。确实如此，但仅限于成年女性。这一发现与人类形成对比，在人类中占主导地位的男性有更宽的脸。我们根据时间等级稳定性的男女差异来讨论这些结果，并与倭黑猩猩的发现形成对比，为人类 fWHR 研究提供了有用的视角。