It appears that electronic cigarettes (EC) are a less harmful alternative to conventional cigarette (CC) smoking, as they generate substantially lower levels of harmful carcinogens and other toxic compounds. Thus, switching from CC to EC may be beneficial for smokers. However, recent accounts of EC- or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) has raised concerns regarding their adverse health effects. Additionally, the increasing popularity of EC among vulnerable populations, such as adolescents and pregnant women, calls for further EC safety evaluation. In this state-of-the-art review, we provide an update on recent findings regarding the neurological effects induced by EC exposure. Moreover, we discuss possible neurotoxic effects of nicotine and numerous other chemicals which are inherent both to e-liquids and EC aerosols. We conclude that in recognizing pertinent issues associated with EC usage, both government and scientific researchers must address this public health issue with utmost urgency.

电子烟 (EC) 似乎是比传统香烟 (CC) 危害更小的替代品，因为它们产生的有害致癌物和其他有毒化合物的水平要低得多。因此，从 CC 转向 EC 可能对吸烟者有益。然而，最近有关电子烟或电子烟相关肺损伤 (EVALI) 的报道引起了人们对其不良健康影响的担忧。此外，EC在青少年和孕妇等弱势群体中日益普及，需要进一步评估EC的安全性。在这篇最先进的综述中，我们提供了有关 EC 暴露引起的神经系统影响的最新发现的最新信息。此外，我们还讨论了尼古丁和电子烟液和 EC 气雾剂固有的许多其他化学物质可能产生的神经毒性作用。我们的结论是，在认识到与 EC 使用相关的相关问题时，政府和科学研究人员都必须尽快解决这一公共卫生问题。