Immunotherapy has transformed the treatment of cancer by restoring the power of the immune system against tumor cells. Disruption of the innate immune inhibition has introduced a large and growing spectrum of immune-related adverse effects (irAEs), with the endocrine system being a prominent target to autoimmune damage. What makes the endocrine system a prominent target when facing an unleashed immune system? Why are the endocrine irAEs mostly irreversible and unresponsive to glucocorticoid therapy? Is it possible to identify those prone to develop irAEs? The presents review describes the unique characteristics of the endocrine system and its crosstalk with the immune system. In a broader perspective, the iatrogenic side effects of immunotherapy provide a unique opportunity to explore the genetic, humoral and cytotoxic immune confounders.

免疫疗法通过恢复针对肿瘤细胞的免疫系统的力量，已经改变了癌症的治疗方法。破坏先天性免疫抑制作用已引起越来越多的与免疫相关的不良反应（irAEs），而内分泌系统是自身免疫损害的主要靶标。当面对未释放的免疫系统时，是什么使内分泌系统成为重要目标？为什么内分泌irAE大多不可逆且对糖皮质激素治疗无反应？是否有可能识别出易患irAE的人？本综述描述了内分泌系统的独特特征及其与免疫系统的串扰。从更广泛的角度来看，免疫疗法的医源性副作用为探索遗传，体液和细胞毒性免疫混杂物提供了独特的机会。