Through the development of optogenetics and other viral vector-based technologies, our view of the dopamine system has substantially advanced over the last decade. In particular, progress has been made in the reclassification of dopamine neurons based on subtypes displaying specific projections, which are associated with different features at the anatomical, molecular and behavioral level. Together, these discoveries have raised the possibility that individual groups of dopamine cells make a unique contribution to the processing of reward and aversion. Here, we review recent studies that have identified non-canonical dopamine pathways that are excited in response to aversive stimuli, including dopamine projections to the ventromedial shell of the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, tail of the striatum, and amygdala.

中文翻译：

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多巴胺系统中的厌恶热点。

通过光遗传学和其他基于病毒载体的技术的发展，我们对多巴胺系统的看法在过去十年中有了很大的进步。特别是，在基于显示特定预测的亚型对多巴胺神经元的重新分类方面取得了进展，这些亚型与解剖、分子和行为水平上的不同特征相关。总之，这些发现提出了一种可能性，即各个多巴胺细胞群对奖赏和厌恶的处理做出独特的贡献。在这里，我们回顾了最近的研究，这些研究已经确定了对厌恶刺激做出反应而兴奋的非典型多巴胺通路，包括多巴胺投射到伏隔核的腹内侧壳、前额叶皮层、纹状体尾部和杏仁核。