Being able to probe electrolyte structures and ion mobility in nanometer confined cavities/pores is central for the fundamental understanding and steering of various processes in biologic and material systems. Here, we review how force probe experiments were utilized for studying interfacial physics at solid/liquid/solid interfaces. We discuss recent technological achievements, and show how micro-to-nano and ultimately subnanometer confinement can be achieved and probed using the Surface Forces Apparatus. We discuss ion-mobility and structuring in confined spaces during reactive and non-reactive conditions. This includes ion-layering and confinement induced effects, such as enhanced reactivity, decreased ion-mobility, electric double layer overlapping and more. We limit the discussion to electrochemical and ionic liquid systems, yet we discuss the broader perspective how to develop the technique further, and how recent advances can already find new exciting applications, across sometimes unexpected fields. These range from studying physiologic processes, to technologic application in catalysis, microfluidics or geology.

能够探查纳米密闭腔/孔中的电解质结构和离子迁移率，对于基本了解和指导生物和材料系统中的各种过程至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了如何使用力探针实验来研究固体/液体/固体界面的界面物理。我们讨论了最新的技术成就，并展示了如何使用表面力仪器实现并实现微纳至纳米乃至亚纳米级的限制。我们讨论了反应性和非反应性条件下密闭空间中的离子迁移和结构化。这包括离子分层和限制诱导的效应，例如增强的反应性，降低的离子迁移率，双电层重叠等。我们的讨论仅限于电化学和离子液体系统，然而，我们将讨论更广阔的前景，如何进一步开发该技术，以及最近的进展如何在有时无法预料的领域中找到令人兴奋的新应用。这些范围从研究生理过程到催化，微流体或地质学中的技术应用。