The molecular and pharmacological manipulation of the endogenous redox system is a promising therapy to limit myocardial damage after a heart attack; however, antioxidant therapies have failed to fully establish their cardioprotective effects, suggesting that additional factors, including antioxidant system interactions with other molecular pathways, may alter the pharmacological effects of antioxidants. Since gender differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) are prevalent, and sex is an essential determinant of the response to oxidative stress, it is of particular interest to understand the effects of sex hormone signaling on the activity and expression of cellular antioxidants and the pharmacological actions of antioxidant therapies. In the present review, we briefly summarize the current understanding of testosterone effects on the modulation of the endogenous antioxidant systems in the CV system, cardiomyocytes, and the heart. We also review the latest research on redox balance and sexual dimorphism, with particular emphasis on the role of the natural antioxidant system glutathione (GSH) in the context of myocardial infarction, and the pro- and antioxidant effects of testosterone signaling via the androgen receptor (AR) on the heart. Finally, we discuss future perspectives regarding the potential of using combing antioxidant and testosterone replacement therapies to protect the aging myocardium.

内源性氧化还原系统的分子和药理学操作是限制心脏病发作后心肌损伤的有前途的疗法。然而，抗氧化疗法未能完全确立其心脏保护作用，这表明其他因素，包括抗氧化系统与其他分子途径的相互作用，可能会改变抗氧化剂的药理作用。由于心血管疾病 (CVD) 中的性别差异普遍存在，并且性别是对氧化应激反应的重要决定因素，因此了解性激素信号传导对细胞抗氧化剂活性和表达以及药理作用的影响尤为重要的抗氧化疗法。在本次审查中，我们简要总结了目前对睾酮对心血管系统、心肌细胞和心脏中内源性抗氧化系统调节作用的理解。我们还回顾了关于氧化还原平衡和性二态性的最新研究，特别强调了天然抗氧化系统谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 在心肌梗死背景下的作用，以及通过雄激素受体的睾酮信号传导的促抗和抗氧化作用。 AR）在心脏上。最后，我们讨论了使用抗氧化剂和睾酮替代疗法联合治疗来保护老化心肌的未来前景。特别强调天然抗氧化系统谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 在心肌梗塞中的作用，以及睾酮信号通过雄激素受体 (AR) 对心脏的促抗和抗氧化作用。最后，我们讨论了使用抗氧化剂和睾酮替代疗法联合治疗来保护老化心肌的未来前景。特别强调天然抗氧化系统谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 在心肌梗塞中的作用，以及睾酮信号通过雄激素受体 (AR) 对心脏的促抗和抗氧化作用。最后，我们讨论了使用抗氧化剂和睾酮替代疗法联合治疗来保护老化心肌的未来前景。