Understanding the interaction between the insect olfactory system and the environment is crucial for fully explaining the molecular mechanisms underlying insect behavior, and providing new strategies for integrated pest management. Although there is good evidence that olfactory proteins play a vital role in mediating insect behaviors, the olfactory mechanism of insects remains poorly understood. We identified a total of 71 chemosensory genes; 25 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 27 odorant receptors (ORs), 8 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 8 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), in the antennae of male and female fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda, an invasive global pest that causes significant economic damage worldwide. We used differential gene expression (DGE) and fragments per kilobase per million fragments (FPKM) values to compare the transcript levels of candidate chemosensory genes, and qRT-PCR to compare the expression levels of the OR gene, in male and female antennae. The expression of candidate OR genes in male and female antennae was consistent with the DGE data, and the expression of the SfruCL4419.Contig1-All and SfruUnigene1070-All genes was sex-biased. These results not only provide new information on the olfactory mechanism of S. frugiperda, and insects in general, but also suggest new gene targets for pest control.

中文翻译：

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基于触角转录组数据的斜纹夜蛾化学感应蛋白的鉴定和系统发育。

了解昆虫嗅觉系统与环境之间的相互作用对于充分解释昆虫行为的分子机制以及为病虫害综合治理提供新策略至关重要。尽管有充分的证据表明嗅觉蛋白在介导昆虫行为中起着至关重要的作用，但对昆虫的嗅觉机制仍然知之甚少。我们共鉴定了71个化学感应基因；男女秋季粘虫，斜纹夜蛾的触角中有25种气味结合蛋白（OBP），27种气味受体（OR），8种离子受体（IR），8种化学感觉蛋白（CSP）和3种感觉神经元膜蛋白（SNMPs） frugiperda，一种入侵性全球害虫，在全球范围内造成重大经济损失。我们使用差异基因表达（DGE）和每千碱基每百万片段的片段（FPKM）值来比较候选化学感应基因的转录水平，并使用qRT-PCR来比较雄性和雌性触角中OR基因的表达水平。雄性和雌性触角中候选OR基因的表达与DGE数据一致，SfruCL4419.Contig1-All和SfruUnigene1070-All基因的表达具有性别偏见。这些结果不仅提供了有关S. frugiperda和一般昆虫的嗅觉机制的新信息，而且还为控制害虫提供了新的基因靶标。雄性和雌性触角中候选OR基因的表达与DGE数据一致，SfruCL4419.Contig1-All和SfruUnigene1070-All基因的表达具有性别偏见。这些结果不仅提供了有关S. frugiperda和一般昆虫的嗅觉机制的新信息，而且还为控制害虫提供了新的基因靶标。雄性和雌性触角中候选OR基因的表达与DGE数据一致，SfruCL4419.Contig1-All和SfruUnigene1070-All基因的表达具有性别偏见。这些结果不仅提供了有关S. frugiperda和一般昆虫的嗅觉机制的新信息，而且还为控制害虫提供了新的基因靶标。