Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide a powerful platform for disease modeling and have unlocked new possibilities for understanding the mechanisms governing human biology, physiology, and genetics. However, hiPSC-derivatives have traditionally been utilized in two-dimensional monocultures, in contrast to the multi-systemic interactions that influence cells in the body. We will discuss recent advances in generating more complex hiPSC-based systems using three-dimensional organoids, tissue-engineering, microfluidic organ-chips, and humanized animal systems. While hiPSC differentiation still requires optimization, these next-generation multi-lineage technologies can augment the biomedical researcher’s toolkit and enable more realistic models of human tissue function.

人类诱导多能干细胞 (hiPSC) 为疾病建模提供了强大的平台，并为理解人类生物学、生理学和遗传学的机制提供了新的可能性。然而，hiPSC 衍生物传统上用于二维单一培养物，这与影响体内细胞的多系统相互作用形成鲜明对比。我们将讨论利用三维类器官、组织工程、微流体器官芯片和人性化动物系统生成更复杂的基于 hiPSC 的系统的最新进展。虽然 hiPSC 分化仍需要优化，但这些下一代多谱系技术可以增强生物医学研究人员的工具包，并实现更真实的人体组织功能模型。