Facing the calling for the new generation of large-scale energy storage systems that are sustainably low cost based on earth-abundant and renewable elements, the K-ion hybrid capacitor (KIHC) constructed with both carbonaceous cathode and anode will be one of the best choices. By using oxygen-functionalized engineering, we first obtained oxygen-containing soft carbon nanofibers (ONC) cathodes which delivered a high reversible capacity of 130 mAh g^-1 over 200 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g^-1 within a high voltage window. Even at 5.0 A g^-1, a practical capacity of 68 mAh g^-1 maintained. The surface-controlled reaction domination instead of diffusion-controlled reaction domination was proposed to harvest high capacitance performance. This storage model effectively overcomes the sluggish properties of storing large-sized K-ions by a diffusion-controlled reaction in conventional cathodes in K-ion batteries (KIBs). The rational design of oxygen functionalization towards approaching more and stable active sites was highlighted. Moreover, a renewable and low-cost full KIHC was configurated by carbonaceous cathode and anode deriving from a single carbon source.

面对要求以地球上大量和可再生元素为基础，持续低成本的新一代大规模储能系统的需求，同时由碳质阴极和阳极构成的K离子混合电容器（KIHC）将是最好的解决方案之一选择。通过使用氧官能化工程，我们首先获得了含氧软碳纳米纤维（ONC）阴极，该阴极在200周期内以50 mA g ^-1的电流密度在高压窗口内提供了130 mAh g ^-1的高可逆容量。。即使在5.0 A g ^-1时，实际容量仍为68 mAh g ^-1保持。为了获得高电容性能，提出了表面控制的反应控制而不是扩散控制的反应控制。该存储模型有效地克服了通过在K离子电池（KIB）中常规阴极中的扩散控制反应来存储大尺寸K离子的缓慢特性。强调了氧官能化朝着更多和稳定的活性位点的合理设计。此外，可再生且低成本的完整KIHC由源自单一碳源的碳质阴极和阳极构成。