Along with the development of flexible electronics, there is a pressing demand for a suitable power supply featuring great flexibility, high mobility, good stability, and sustainability. Converting thermal energy into electricity during water evaporation process could be an attractive and promising opportunity. Here, a sustainable flexible hydrovoltaic power generator (HPG) driven by water evaporation with high performance in portability, flexibility, and long-term stable electricity generation was developed. Based on constructed functionalized nanochannels and the introduction of superabsorbent hydrogel as a water source, the HPG can take advantage of the spontaneous evaporation of water to continuously convert ambient heat into electricity. A sustainable short circuit current up to 63 μA and an optimized output power of 8.1 μW with a lifetime over 150 h were achieved at ambient conditions (20.4°C, 55% RH). Moreover, the flexible hydrovoltaic nanogenerator can withstand a large range of bending deformation (up to 120°) without significant changes in power generation, which endows evaporation-induced HPGs with the ability to be applied as flexible portable power sources for wearable electronics.

随着柔性电子设备的发展，对具有高灵活性，高移动性，良好稳定性和可持续性的合适电源的迫切需求。在水蒸发过程中将热能转化为电能可能是一个有吸引力且充满希望的机会。在这里，开发了一种由水蒸发驱动的可持续性柔性水力发电器（HPG），该便携式设备具有便携性，灵活性和长期稳定发电的高性能。基于构建的功能化纳米通道和超吸收性水凝胶作为水源的引入，HPG可以利用水的自发蒸发将环境热量连续转化为电能。可持续的短路电流高达63μA，优化的输出功率为8。在环境条件（20.4°C，55％RH）下获得了1μW的使用寿命，超过150小时的使用寿命。此外，柔性水力发电装置可以承受较大范围的弯曲变形（最大120°），而发电量没有明显变化，这使得蒸发诱导的HPG可以用作可穿戴电子设备的柔性便携式电源。