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Claudin-5 Redistribution Induced by Inflammation Leads to Anti-VEGF Resistant Diabetic Macular Edema
Diabetes ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-05 , DOI: 10.2337/db19-1121
Mitsuru Arima 1 , Shintaro Nakao 2 , Muneo Yamaguchi 1 , Hao Feng 1 , Yuya Fujii 1 , Kensuke Shibata 1 , Iori Wada 1 , Yoshihiro Kaizu 1 , Hamid Ahmadieh 3 , Tatsuro Ishibashi 1 , Alan W Stitt 4 , Koh-Hei Sonoda 1
Affiliation  

Approximately 40% of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) are resistant to anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy (rDME). Here, we demonstrate that significant correlations between inflammatory cytokines and VEGF, as observed in naive DME, are lost in patients with rDME. VEGF overexpression in the mouse retina caused delayed inflammatory cytokine upregulation, monocyte/macrophage infiltration (CD11b+ Ly6C+ CCR2+ cells), macrophage/microglia activation (CD11b+ CD80+ cells), and blood-retinal barrier disruption due to claudin-5 redistribution, which did not recover with VEGF blockade alone. Phosphorylated protein analysis of VEGF-overexpressed retinas revealed rho-associated coiled-coil–containing protein kinase (ROCK) activation. Administration of ripasudil, a selective ROCK inhibitor, attenuated retinal inflammation and claudin-5 redistribution. Ripasudil also contributed to the stability of claudin-5 expression by both transcriptional enhancement and degradation suppression in inflammatory cytokine–stimulated endothelium. Notably, the anti-VEGF agent and the ROCK inhibitor were synergic in suppressing cytokine upregulation, monocyte/macrophage infiltration, macrophage/microglia activation, and claudin-5 redistribution. Furthermore, in vitro analysis confirmed that claudin-5 redistribution depends on ROCK2 but not on ROCK1. This synergistic effect was also confirmed in human rDME cases. Our results suggest that ROCK-mediated claudin-5 redistribution by inflammation is a key mechanism in the anti-VEGF resistance of DME.

中文翻译:

炎症诱导的 Claudin-5 重新分布导致抗 VEGF 抗性糖尿病黄斑水肿

大约 40% 的糖尿病性黄斑水肿 (DME) 患者对抗血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF) 治疗 (rDME) 有抵抗力。在这里,我们证明炎性细胞因子和 VEGF 之间的显着相关性,如在初始 DME 中观察到的,在 rDME 患者中丢失。小鼠视网膜中的 VEGF 过表达导致延迟的炎性细胞因子上调、单核细胞/巨噬细胞浸润(CD11b+ Ly6C+ CCR2+ 细胞)、巨噬细胞/小胶质细胞激活(CD11b+ CD80+ 细胞)以及由于 claudin-5 重新分布导致的血-视网膜屏障破坏,这些都没有恢复单独使用 VEGF 阻断剂。对 VEGF 过表达的视网膜的磷酸化蛋白分析揭示了与 rho 相关的卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶 (ROCK) 激活。利帕舒地尔,一种选择性 ROCK 抑制剂,减轻视网膜炎症和 claudin-5 重新分布。Ripasudil 还通过炎症细胞因子刺激的内皮中的转录增强和降解抑制来促进 claudin-5 表达的稳定性。值得注意的是,抗 VEGF 药物和 ROCK 抑制剂在抑制细胞因子上调、单核细胞/巨噬细胞浸润、巨噬细胞/小胶质细胞激活和 claudin-5 重新分布方面具有协同作用。此外,体外分析证实,claudin-5 的重新分布取决于 ROCK2 而不是 ROCK1。这种协同作用也在人类 rDME 病例中得到证实。我们的结果表明,ROCK 介导的 claudin-5 通过炎症重新分布是 DME 抗 VEGF 抗性的关键机制。Ripasudil 还通过炎症细胞因子刺激的内皮中的转录增强和降解抑制来促进 claudin-5 表达的稳定性。值得注意的是,抗 VEGF 药物和 ROCK 抑制剂在抑制细胞因子上调、单核细胞/巨噬细胞浸润、巨噬细胞/小胶质细胞激活和 claudin-5 重新分布方面具有协同作用。此外,体外分析证实,claudin-5 的重新分布取决于 ROCK2 而不是 ROCK1。这种协同作用也在人类 rDME 病例中得到证实。我们的结果表明,ROCK 介导的 claudin-5 通过炎症重新分布是 DME 抗 VEGF 抗性的关键机制。Ripasudil 还通过炎症细胞因子刺激的内皮中的转录增强和降解抑制来促进 claudin-5 表达的稳定性。值得注意的是,抗 VEGF 药物和 ROCK 抑制剂在抑制细胞因子上调、单核细胞/巨噬细胞浸润、巨噬细胞/小胶质细胞激活和 claudin-5 重新分布方面具有协同作用。此外,体外分析证实,claudin-5 的重新分布取决于 ROCK2 而不是 ROCK1。这种协同作用也在人类 rDME 病例中得到证实。我们的结果表明,ROCK 介导的 claudin-5 通过炎症重新分布是 DME 抗 VEGF 抗性的关键机制。抗 VEGF 药物和 ROCK 抑制剂在抑制细胞因子上调、单核细胞/巨噬细胞浸润、巨噬细胞/小胶质细胞活化和 claudin-5 重新分布方面具有协同作用。此外,体外分析证实,claudin-5 的重新分布取决于 ROCK2 而不是 ROCK1。这种协同作用也在人类 rDME 病例中得到证实。我们的结果表明,ROCK 介导的 claudin-5 通过炎症重新分布是 DME 抗 VEGF 抗性的关键机制。抗 VEGF 药物和 ROCK 抑制剂在抑制细胞因子上调、单核细胞/巨噬细胞浸润、巨噬细胞/小胶质细胞活化和 claudin-5 重新分布方面具有协同作用。此外,体外分析证实,claudin-5 的重新分布取决于 ROCK2 而不是 ROCK1。这种协同作用也在人类 rDME 病例中得到证实。我们的结果表明,ROCK 介导的 claudin-5 通过炎症重新分布是 DME 抗 VEGF 抗性的关键机制。
更新日期:2020-03-05
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