The ultimate purpose of this study was to develop a bioactive filler system that would allow volume restoration (passive property) and continuous release of signaling molecules to recruit soft tissues (bioactive property) and thus effectively correct facial aging. To achieve this, we prepared porous particles with a leaf-stacked structure throughout the entire particle volume (LSS particles) using a simple heating–cooling technique. LSS particles were loaded with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) separately, by immersing the particles in signaling molecule-containing solutions for target tissue recruitment (adipose by IGF-1 and blood vessels by VEGF). IGF-1 and VEGF were continuously released from LSS particles for 28 and 21 days in vitro, respectively, even without additional chemical/physical modifications, because of the unique morphology of the particles. Signaling molecules preserved their bioactivity in vitro (induction of adipogenic and angiogenic differentiation) and in vivo (recruitment of fat and blood vessels) for a sufficient period. Moreover, it was observed that the LSS particles themselves have stable volume retention characteristics in the body. Thus, we suggest that the signaling molecule-loaded LSS particles can function as a bioactive filler system for volume retention and target tissue regeneration.

中文翻译：

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信号分子固定化的具有叶堆叠结构的多孔颗粒作为生物活性填料系统

这项研究的最终目的是开发一种生物活性填充剂系统，该系统可以恢复体积（被动性）并连续释放信号分子以募集软组织（生物活性），从而有效地纠正面部衰老。为了实现这一目标，我们使用简单的加热-冷却技术制备了在整个颗粒体积（LSS颗粒）中具有叶堆叠结构的多孔颗粒。通过将LSS颗粒浸入含有信号分子的溶液中以分别用于靶组织募集（通过IGF-1和血管脂肪），分别将LSS颗粒加载胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）。 VEGF）。在体外，分别从LSS颗粒连续释放IGF-1和VEGF 28天和21天，由于颗粒的独特形态，甚至无需进行其他化学/物理修饰。信号分子在体外（诱导脂肪形成和血管生成分化）和体内（脂肪和血管募集）保持了足够的生物活性。此外，已观察到LSS颗粒本身在体内具有稳定的体积保持特性。因此，我们建议加载信号分子的LSS颗粒可以充当生物活性填充剂系统，以保持体积和靶向组织再生。据观察，LSS颗粒本身在体内具有稳定的体积保持特性。因此，我们建议加载信号分子的LSS颗粒可以充当生物活性填充剂系统，以保持体积和靶向组织再生。据观察，LSS颗粒本身在体内具有稳定的体积保持特性。因此，我们建议加载信号分子的LSS颗粒可以充当生物活性填充剂系统，以保持体积和靶向组织再生。