The rational design and scalable assembly of nanoarchitectures are important to deliver highly uniform, functional films with high performance. However, fabrication of large-area and high-performance films is quite difficult because of the challenges in controlling homogeneous microstructures, interface properties, and the high cost of the conventional vacuum deposition technique. Here, we report a solution-processed molecular level assembly approach to fabricate self-supported (without any binders or conductive additives) large-area (up to 810 cm²) functional films with controllable thickness and high homogeneity. We show that the assembled prototypical Fe(II)-based metallo-supramolecular polymer (polyFe) film exhibits unprecedented electrochromic performance such as ultrahigh coloration efficiency (750.3 cm² C^–1), fast switching speed (<1 s), as well as robust electrochemical stability (with no obvious degradation after 10 000 cycles). We further demonstrate that the assembled polyFe films can be used to fabricate a smart energy-storage indicator, in which the energy-storage level is visually perceptible and recognizable in real time. This strategy provides an exciting alternative route for highly scalable fabrication of uniform films and may extend to other materials for a wide range of functional devices of diverse applications.

中文翻译：

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高性能柔性电致变色储能装置的分子级组装

纳米结构的合理设计和可扩展组装对于提供高性能的高度均匀，功能性薄膜很重要。然而，由于在控制均匀的微观结构，界面特性以及常规真空沉积技术的高成本方面的挑战，制造大面积和高性能的膜是非常困难的。在这里，我们报告了一种溶液处理的分子水平组装方法，以制造厚度可控制且均质性高的自支撑（无任何粘合剂或导电添加剂）大面积（最大810 cm ²）功能膜。我们表明，组装的原型Fe（II）基金属超分子聚合物（polyFe）膜表现出前所未有的电致变色性能，例如超高着色效率（750.3厘米² C ^–1），快速切换速度（<1 s）以及强大的电化学稳定性（在10 000次循环后无明显降解）。我们进一步证明，组装后的polyFe薄膜可用于制造智能储能指示器，其中的储能水平在视觉上可实时感知和识别。该策略为高度可扩展的均匀膜制造提供了令人兴奋的替代途径，并且可以扩展到其他材料，以用于各种不同用途的功能器件。