NBOMes are N-benzylmethoxy derivatives of the 2C family compounds with N-2-methoxybenzyl moiety substituted by the methoxy group at the 2- and 5-position and the halogen group at the 4-position of the phenyl ring. These substances are a new class of potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist hallucinogens with potential harmful effects. The substitution with halogen of the already psychoactive phenethylamine produces a derivative (2C-I) with increased hallucinogenic effects. This class of hallucinogens has chemical structures very similar to natural hallucinogenic alkaloid mescaline and these are sold mainly via internet as a ‘legal’ alternative to other hallucinogenic drug-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). 25I-NBOMe is the first synthesized and one of the most common compound from NBOMes. Knowledge of pharmacological properties of 25I-NBOMe is very limited so far. There are only a few in vivo and in vitro so far published studies. The behavioral experiments are mainly related with the hallucinogenic effect of 25I-NBOMe while the in vitro studies concerning mainly the affinity for 5-HT2A receptors. The 25I-NBOMe Critical Review 2016 reported 51 non-fatal intoxications and 21 deaths associated with 25I-NBOMe across Europe. Case reports describe various toxic effects of 25I-NBOMe usage including tachycardia, hypertension, hallucinations, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury and death. The growing number of fatal and non-fatal intoxication cases indicates that 25I-NBOMe should be considered as a serious danger to public health. This review aims to present the current state of knowledge on pharmacological effects and chemical properties of 25I-NBOMe and to describe reported clinical cases and analytical methods available for identification of this agent in biological material.

中文翻译：

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25I-NBOME（2-（4-碘-2,5-二甲氧基苯基）-N-[（2-甲氧基苯基）甲基]乙胺）-有害的致幻剂综述。

NBOM是2C族化合物的N-苄甲氧基衍生物，其中N-2-甲氧基苄基部分在苯环的2和5位被甲氧基取代，在4位被卤素取代。这些物质是一类新型的5-羟色胺5-HT2A受体激动剂致幻剂，具有潜在的有害作用。已经具有精神活性的苯乙胺被卤素取代会生成具有增强的致幻作用的衍生物（2C-1）。这类致幻剂的化学结构与天然致幻生物碱甲斯卡林非常相似，这些化学结构主要通过互联网出售，作为其他致幻药物-麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）的“合法”替代品。25I-NBOMe是NBOMes的第一个合成化合物，也是最常见的化合物之一。到目前为止，对25I-NBOMe的药理特性的了解非常有限。体内只有少数以及迄今为止发表的体外研究。行为实验主要与25I-NBOMe的致幻作用有关。研究主要涉及对5-HT2A受体的亲和力。《 25I-NBOMe关键评论》 2016年在欧洲报告了51例非致命性中毒和21例与25I-NBOMe相关的死亡。病例报告描述了使用25I-NBOMe的各种毒性作用，包括心动过速，高血压，幻觉，横纹肌溶解，急性肾损伤和死亡。致命和非致命中毒病例的数量不断增加，这表明25I-NBOMe应该被视为对公共健康的严重威胁。这篇综述的目的是介绍有关25I-NBOMe的药理作用和化学性质的最新知识，并描述已报道的临床病例和可用于在生物材料中鉴定该药物的分析方法。