Background The human gut microbiome has an important role in health and disease. There is extensive geographical variation in the composition of the gut microbiome, however, little is known about the gut microbiome composition of people from the Arabian Peninsula. In this study, we describe the gut microbiome of Arab Kuwaitis. The gut microbiome of 25 native adult Arab Kuwaitis was characterised using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 regions. Sequencing data were analysed using DADA2. Phylogeny analysis was performed using amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) assigned to the Bacteroides genus and 16S rRNA sequences of Bacteroides type strains to understand the relationships among Bacteroides ASVs. Results About 63% of participants were overweight/obese reflecting normal Kuwaiti population. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla detected in the gut microbiome (representing 48% and 46% of total sequencing reads respectively). At the genus level, Bacteroides was the most abundant genus in 22 of 25 participants. A total of 223 ASVs were assigned to the Bacteroides genus, eleven of which were present in 50% or more of study participants, reflecting a high diversity of this genus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Bacteroides dorei/vulgatus group was the most abundant phylogenetic group (representing 11.91% of all sequence reads) and was detected in all 25 individuals. Conclusions Bacteroides was the most abundant genus in the gut microbiome of native Arab Kuwaiti adults, with Bacteroides dorei/vulgatus forming the predominant phylogenetic group. The microbiome composition would also have been influenced by the nutritional status of participants.

中文翻译：

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当地阿拉伯科威特人的肠道微生物组。

背景 人类肠道微生物组在健康和疾病中具有重要作用。肠道微生物组的组成存在广泛的地理差异，然而，对阿拉伯半岛人的肠道微生物组组成知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们描述了阿拉伯科威特人的肠道微生物组。使用 V3-V4 区域的 16S rRNA 基因测序对 25 名本地成年阿拉伯科威特人的肠道微生物组进行了表征。使用 DADA2 分析测序数据。使用分配给拟杆菌属的扩增子序列变体 (ASV) 和拟杆菌属类型菌株的 16S rRNA 序列进行系统发育分析，以了解拟杆菌属 ASV 之间的关系。结果 大约 63% 的参与者超重/肥胖，反映出正常的科威特人口。厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是在肠道微生物组中检测到的优势门（分别占总测序读数的 48% 和 46%）。在属水平上，25 名参与者中有 22 名拟杆菌属是最丰富的属。共有 223 个 ASV 被分配到拟杆菌属，其中 11 个存在于 50% 或更多的研究参与者中，反映了该属的高度多样性。系统发育分析显示，Bacteroides dorei/vulgatus 组是最丰富的系统发育组（占所有序列读数的 11.91%），并在所有 25 个人中检测到。结论 拟杆菌属是当地阿拉伯科威特成人肠道微生物组中最丰富的属，其中多雷氏拟杆菌属/普通拟杆菌属形成了主要的系统发育组。