Some evidence suggests that in sub-Saharan Africa, sexual violence is commonplace among married women, yet this problem is underresearched. Using qualitative methods and applying Heise's social-ecological model, this study examined the experiences of 15 Ghanaian women suffering sexual violence in their marriages. Results from the thematic analysis indicate several determinants of sexual violence. Whereas some participants identified macro-level and exosystem factors, including poverty, others pointed to micro-level and ontogenic factors, such as husbands' substance abuse. The results corroborate the core idea of Heise's framework, namely, that structural- and individual-level factors make women vulnerable to violence. The study concludes that Ghanaian legal and policy frameworks must be enforced and strengthened to address the etiology of sexual violence and abuse.

中文翻译：

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加纳已婚妇女性暴力的决定因素：来自加纳的定性证据

一些证据表明，在撒哈拉以南非洲，性暴力在已婚妇女中司空见惯，但这一问题尚未得到充分研究。本研究使用定性方法并应用 Heise 的社会生态模型，调查了 15 名加纳妇女在婚姻中遭受性暴力的经历。专题分析的结果表明性暴力的几个决定因素。一些参与者确定了宏观层面和外系统因素，包括贫困，而其他人则指出了微观层面和个体因素，例如丈夫滥用药物。结果证实了海斯框架的核心思想，即结构和个人层面的因素使妇女容易受到暴力侵害。