Animals are able to move and react in manifold ways to external stimuli. Thus, environmental stimuli need to be detected, information must be processed, and, finally, an output decision must be transmitted to the musculature to get the animal moving. All these processes depend on the nervous system which comprises an intricate neuronal network and many glial cells. Glial cells have an equally important contribution in nervous system function as their neuronal counterpart. Manifold roles are attributed to glia ranging from controlling neuronal cell number and axonal pathfinding to regulation of synapse formation, function, and plasticity. Glial cells metabolically support neurons and contribute to the blood–brain barrier. All of the aforementioned aspects require extensive cell–cell interactions between neurons and glial cells. Not surprisingly, many of these processes are found in all phyla executed by evolutionarily conserved molecules. Here, we review the recent advance in understanding neuron–glia interaction in Drosophila melanogaster to suggest that work in simple model organisms will shed light on the function of mammalian glial cells, too.

中文翻译：

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果蝇神经系统中的神经元-胶质细胞相互作用

动物能够以多种方式移动并对外部刺激作出反应。因此，需要检测环境刺激，必须处理信息，最后，必须将输出决定传递给肌肉组织以使动物移动。所有这些过程都依赖于由错综复杂的神经元网络和许多神经胶质细胞组成的神经系统。神经胶质细胞对神经系统功能的贡献与其对应的神经元一样重要。歧管作用归因于从控制神经元细胞数量和轴突寻路到调节突触形成、功能和可塑性的神经胶质细胞。神经胶质细胞代谢支持神经元并有助于血脑屏障。所有上述方面都需要神经元和神经胶质细胞之间广泛的细胞间相互作用。这并不奇怪，在进化上保守的分子执行的所有门中都发现了许多这些过程。在这里，我们回顾了在理解神经元 - 胶质细胞相互作用方面的最新进展Drosophila melanogaster提出在简单模式生物中的工作也将阐明哺乳动物神经胶质细胞的功能。