Based on almost 5.000 direct observations on National Identification Cards, this paper offers the first estimation of the evolution of average heights in the city of La Paz (Bolivia) for the decades 1880s-1920s. The analysis focuses on men of middle and upper classes aged 19-50 years old. Despite the city's growing economic importance and modernization, average heights remained stagnant around 163 cm. It also stands out that whereas average height differences between professional and ethnic groups remained significant and persistent throughout time, average heights remained stagnant in all groups. Three main reasons are provided to explain these inequalities between groups and stagnation across groups: scarce improvements in agricultural production, increasing wage inequalities and the persistence of a bad disease environment.

中文翻译：

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1880-1920年代拉巴斯（玻利维亚）的生物学生活水平：持续的停滞和不平等。

基于对国民身份证的近5,000次直接观察，本文首次估计了1880年代至1920年代的拉巴斯市（玻利维亚）平均身高的演变。分析的对象是19-5​​0岁的中上层阶级。尽管该城市日益重要的经济意义和现代化建设，但平均高度仍停滞在163厘米左右。同样突出的是，尽管专业人士和种族群体之间的平均身高差异在整个时间段内仍然很明显且持续存在，但所有群体的平均身高仍然停滞不前。提供了三个主要原因来解释群体之间的这些不平等以及群体之间的停滞：农业生产的改善很少，工资不平等的加剧和疾病环境的持续存在。