This study demonstrates that rule-of-thumb health treatment decision-making exists when assigning medical care to macrosomic newborns with an extremely high birth weight and estimates the short-run health return to neonatal care for infants at the high end of the birth weight distribution. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that infants born with a birth weight above 5000 grams have a 2 percentage-point higher probability of admission to a neonatal intensive care unit and a 1 percentage-point higher probability of antibiotics receipt, compared to infants with a birth weight below 5000 grams. We also find that being born above the 5000-gram cutoff has a mortality-reducing effect: infants with a birth weight larger than 5000 grams face a 0.15 percentage-point lower risk of mortality in the first week and a 0.20 percentage-point lower risk of mortality in the first month, compared to their counterparts with a birth weight below 5000 grams. We do not find any evidence of changes in health treatments and mortality at macrosomic cutoffs lower than 5000 grams, which is consistent with the idea that such treatment decisions are guided by the higher expected morbidity and mortality risk associated with infants weighing more than 5000 grams.

中文翻译：

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出生体重，新生儿护理和婴儿死亡率：来自大型婴儿的证据。

这项研究表明，在为出生体重极高的大型新生儿分配医疗服务时，存在以经验为基础的医疗决策，并估计了出生体重分布高端的婴儿短期恢复新生儿保健的状况。使用回归间断设计，我们发现出生体重超过5000克的婴儿与重症监护婴儿相比，进入新生儿重症监护病房的可能性高2个百分点，接受抗生素的可能性高1个百分点。出生体重低于5000克。我们还发现出生在5000克临界值以上具有降低死亡率的作用：出生体重大于5000克的婴儿在第一周的死亡率降低了0.15个百分点，而降为0。与出生体重低于5000克的同龄人相比，第一个月的死亡风险降低了20个百分点。我们没有发现任何证据表明在低于5000克的大颗粒物临界值以下会导致健康治疗和死亡率的变化，这与这样的想法是一致的，即这样的治疗决定是由体重超过5000克的婴儿较高的预期发病率和死亡率风险指导的。