Bovine hydatid disease, characterised by fluid-filled hydatid cysts, is regularly found in the offal of beef cattle at slaughter. Organs found to be infected at slaughter are removed to preclude them from entering the human food chain. The organs are either downgraded to pet food or condemned. Previous studies have focussed on total economic losses, but have not calculated the cost of disease per animal, which would be useful information for producers when determining how best to manage hydatid disease. This study estimated the direct losses associated with hydatid disease in beef cattle slaughtered at an Australian beef abattoir both at the population (all cattle slaughtered) and individual animal level. Data on annual prevalence of hydatid disease in beef cattle were obtained from an Australian abattoir for the years 2011-2017. The direct losses resulting from the condemnation and downgrading of offal infected with hydatid cysts at the abattoir were estimated using data stratified by age, sex and feed-type. Official and literature-based sources of organ weight and price were used to estimate direct losses associated with hydatid disease in beef cattle slaughtered at the abattoir. Uncertainty and variability in input parameters were represented using uniform distributions and Monte Carlo sampling was used to model output parameter uncertainty. Out of 1,097,958 beef cattle slaughtered between January 2011 and December 2017, 97,832 (8.9%) were reported infected with hydatid disease. The median estimated direct loss to the abattoir for the duration of the study period was AU$655,560 (95% confidence interval [CI] AU$544,366-787,235). This equated to approximately AU$6.70 (95% CI AU$5.56-8.05) lost per infected animal. The annual median estimated direct losses due to hydatid disease at the abattoir were AU$93,651 (95% CI AU$77,767-112,462). Direct losses varied each year of the study and ranged from AU$38,683 in 2016 to AU$163,006 in 2014. This estimate of the direct losses associated with bovine hydatid disease most likely underestimates the true extent of the overall losses because indirect losses such as reduced carcass weights were not estimated in this study. Nevertheless, these estimates illustrate the negative economic impact of bovine hydatid disease and demonstrate that improved surveillance to enable control of hydatid disease should be considered both in Australia and globally. It would be worthwhile to estimate the losses in other beef abattoirs for the same time period to compare results, and to investigate the cost-benefit of control programs for bovine hydatid disease.

中文翻译：

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在澳大利亚屠宰场屠宰的肉牛中，与hy虫病（棘球E虫）相关的直接经济损失的评估。

牛hy虫病的特征是充满液体的hy虫囊肿，通常在屠宰时的牛内脏中发现。宰杀时发现被感染的器官将被移除，以防止它们进入人类食物链。器官要么被降级为宠物食品，要么被定罪。先前的研究集中在总的经济损失上，但还没有计算每只动物的疾病成本，这对于生产者确定如何最好地管理hy虫病时将是有用的信息。这项研究估计了在澳大利亚牛肉屠宰场被屠宰的肉牛在种群（所有被屠宰的牛）和个体动物水平上与hy虫病相关的直接损失。从澳大利亚屠宰场获得的2011-2017年肉牛hy虫病年度流行率的数据。使用按年龄，性别和饲料类型分层的数据估算了屠宰场被杂草虫囊肿感染的内脏的定罪和降级导致的直接损失。利用官方和文献来源的器官重量和价格来估算屠宰场宰杀的肉牛与hy虫病相关的直接损失。使用均匀分布表示输入参数的不确定性和可变性，并使用蒙特卡洛采样对输出参数的不确定性进行建模。在2011年1月至2017年12月之间宰杀的1,097,958头肉牛中，有97,832头（8.9％）被报告感染了hy虫病。在研究期间，估计对屠宰场的直接损失中位数为655,560澳元（95％置信区间[CI] 544,366-787,235澳元）。这大约等于6澳元。每只被感染的动物损失70（95％CI 5.56-8.05澳元）。在屠宰场，每年因估计虫草病而造成的直接损失中位数估计为93,651澳元（95％CI 77,767-112,462澳元）。研究的每年直接损失各不相同，从2016年的38,683澳元到2014年的163,006澳元不等。与牛bo虫病相关的直接损失的这一估计极有可能低估了总体损失的真实程度，因为间接损失（例如reduced体重量减少）在这项研究中未进行估算。然而，这些估计值说明了牛hy虫病的负面经济影响，并表明在澳大利亚和全球都应考虑加强监控以控制hy虫病。有必要估算同一时期其他牛肉屠宰场的损失，以比较结果，