Nutrient procurement specifically from nutrient-limiting environment is essential for pathogenic bacteria to survive and/or persist within the host. Long-term survival or persistent infection is one of the main reasons for the overuse of antibiotics, and contributes to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known for long-term survival within the host, and develops multidrug resistance. Before and during infection, the pathogen encounters various harsh environmental conditions. To cope up with such nutrient-limiting conditions, it is crucial to uptake essential nutrients such as ions, sugars, amino acids, peptides, and metals, necessary for numerous vital biological activities. Among the various types of transporters, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) importers are essentially unique to bacteria, accessible as drug targets without penetrating the cytoplasmic membrane, and offer an ATP-dependent gateway into the cell by mimicking substrates of the importer and designing inhibitors against substrate-binding proteins, ABC importers endeavour for the development of successful drug candidates and antibiotics. Alternatively, the production of antibodies against substrate-binding proteins could lead to vaccine development. In this review, we will emphasize the role of M. tuberculosis ABC importers for survival and virulence within the host. Furthermore, we will elucidate their unique characteristics to discover emerging therapies to combat tuberculosis.

中文翻译：

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结核分枝杆菌的ATP结合盒（ABC）进口系统：药物和疫苗开发的目标。

特别是从限制营养的环境中获取营养对于病原菌在宿主体内生存和/或持久存在至关重要。长期生存或持续感染是过度使用抗生素的主要原因之一，并有助于抗生素耐药性的产生和传播。结核分枝杆菌因其在宿主内的长期存活而著称，并发展了多药耐药性。在感染之前和期间，病原体会遇到各种恶劣的环境条件。为了应对这种限制营养的条件，至关重要的是摄取许多重要的生物学活动所必需的必需营养素，例如离子，糖，氨基酸，肽和金属。在各种类型的转运蛋白中，ATP结合盒（ABC）进口商实质上是细菌所特有的，可作为药物靶标而无需穿透细胞质膜，并通过模仿进口商的底物并设计针对底物结合蛋白的抑制剂，提供了依赖于ATP的通道，ABC进口商努力开发成功的候选药物和抗生素。或者，针对底物结合蛋白的抗体的产生可导致疫苗的发展。在这篇综述中，我们将强调结核分枝杆菌ABC进口商对寄主内生存和毒力的作用。此外，我们将阐明它们的独特特性，以发现抗击结核病的新兴疗法。并且通过模仿进口商的底物并设计针对底物结合蛋白的抑制剂，从而提供了一种依赖于ATP的通道，ABC进口商努力开发成功的候选药物和抗生素。或者，针对底物结合蛋白的抗体的产生可导致疫苗的发展。在这篇综述中，我们将强调结核分枝杆菌ABC进口商对寄主内生存和毒力的作用。此外，我们将阐明它们的独特特性，以发现抗击结核病的新兴疗法。并且通过模仿进口商的底物并设计针对底物结合蛋白的抑制剂，从而提供了一种依赖于ATP的通道，ABC进口商努力开发成功的候选药物和抗生素。或者，针对底物结合蛋白的抗体的产生可导致疫苗的发展。在这篇综述中，我们将强调结核分枝杆菌ABC进口商对寄主内生存和毒力的作用。此外，我们将阐明它们的独特特性，以发现抗击结核病的新兴疗法。结核病ABC进口商在寄主内的生存和毒力。此外，我们将阐明它们的独特特性，以发现抗击结核病的新兴疗法。结核病ABC进口商在寄主内的生存和毒力。此外，我们将阐明它们的独特特性，以发现抗击结核病的新兴疗法。