Epilepsy represents a complex spectrum disorder, with patients sharing seizures as a common symptom and manifesting a broad array of additional clinical phenotypes. To understand this disorder and treat individuals who live with epilepsy, it is important not only to identify pathogenic mechanisms underlying epilepsy but also to understand their relationships with other health-related factors. Benchmarks Area IV focuses on the impact of seizures and their treatment on quality of life, development, cognitive function, and other aspects and comorbidities that often affect individuals with epilepsy. Included in this review is a discussion on sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and other causes of mortality, a major area of research focus with still many unanswered questions. We also draw attention to special populations, such as individuals with nonepileptic seizures and pregnant women and their offspring. In this study, we review the progress made in these areas since the 2016 review of the Benchmarks Area IV and discuss challenges and opportunities for future study.

中文翻译：

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癫痫基准领域 IV：限制或预防癫痫发作的不良后果及其整个生命周期的治疗。

癫痫是一种复杂的谱系障碍，患者以癫痫发作为常见症状，并表现出广泛的其他临床表型。要了解这种疾病并治疗癫痫患者，不仅要确定癫痫的致病机制，还要了解其与其他健康相关因素的关系，这一点很重要。基准区域 IV 侧重于癫痫发作及其治疗对生活质量、发育、认知功能以及经常影响癫痫患者的其他方面和合并症的影响。本综述包括对癫痫和其他死亡原因的突然意外死亡的讨论，这是一个主要的研究领域，但仍有许多悬而未决的问题。我们还提请注意特殊人群，例如非癫痫发作的个体和孕妇及其后代。在本研究中，我们回顾了自 2016 年基准领域 IV 审查以来在这些领域取得的进展，并讨论了未来研究的挑战和机遇。