The results presented in this study concern the assessment of the secular trend of body height in 10 % a random national sample (N = 134,224) representing all regions of Poland in 8 homogeneous social groups over 45 years in Poland (1965-2010). Very significant political, social and economic changes in Poland occurred in the period studied. The political revolution that began in Poland at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s dramatically changed the picture of social inequalities in the country. It rapidly transformed (in different directions and to a different degree) the economic situation, working conditions, lifestyles and the prestige of particular social classes and professional groups. A positive secular trend was observed in 19-year-old participants in the period analysed in all homogeneous socio-professional groups, however, with different intensity in each group. The highest body height increases in 1965-2010 were observed in the sons of farmers with post-primary father's education (7.77 cm). The lowest were observed among the sons of professionals, only 5.45 cm. Although social distances between extreme socio-economic groups significantly decreased (from 4.89 cm in 1965 to 2.76 cm in 2010), social gradients of body height, despite the improvement in the standards of living of the entire society remained exceptionally stable and unchanged for nearly half a century.

中文翻译：

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19 岁波兰男性中特定社会阶层的长期身高趋势：1965 年至 2010 年的第 6 次全国调查。

本研究中提出的结果涉及对 10% 的随机国家样本 (N = 134,224) 中身高的长期趋势的评估，该样本代表波兰 45 年来（1965-2010 年）8 个同质社会群体的波兰所有地区。在研究期间，波兰发生了非常重大的政治、社会和经济变化。1980 年代和 1990 年代之交在波兰开始的政治革命极大地改变了该国社会不平等的状况。它迅速（在不同方向和不同程度上）改变了经济状况、工作条件、生活方式以及特定社会阶层和专业群体的声望。然而，在所有同质社会专业群体的分析期间，在 19 岁的参与者中观察到了积极的长期趋势，每组强度不同。1965-2010年身高增长最高的是父亲受过小学教育的农民儿子（7.77厘米）。在专业人士的儿子中观察到最低，只有 5.45 厘米。尽管极端社会经济群体之间的社会距离显着缩小（从 1965 年的 4.89 厘米到 2010 年的 2.76 厘米），但尽管整个社会的生活水平有所提高，但身高的社会梯度仍然异常稳定，近一半没有变化一个世纪。