Previous studies indicate that when identifying individuals involved in bullying, the concordance between self- and peer- reports is low to moderate. There is support that self- and peer- identified victims constitute distinct types of victims and differ in adjustment. Likewise, differentiating between self- and peer- reports of bullying may also reveal distinct types of bullies. The goal of this study was to examine differences between types of bullies identified via dyadic nominations (self-identified, victim-identified, and self/victim identified). First, we examined the concordance between dyadic nominations of bullying and traditional measures of bullying (i.e., self- and peer-reports). Second, we compared the behavioral profiles of the bully types to nonbullies, with a focus on aggressive behaviors and social status. Third, we examined whether the types of bullies targeted victims with different levels of popularity, as well as the role of their own popularity and prioritizing of popularity. Participants were 1,008 Dutch adolescents (50.1% male, Mage = 14.14 years, standard deviation [SD] = 1.30) who completed a classroom assessment of dyadic nominations, peer nominations, and self-report items. Results indicated that victim identified and self/victim identified bullies were more aggressive, more popular, and less socially preferred than self-identified bullies and nonbullies. Self/victim identified bullies targeted victims with the highest social status. The association between bully type and victims' popularity was further qualified by bullies' own popularity and the degree to which they prioritized popularity. Implications for the implementation of dyadic nominations are discussed.

中文翻译：

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欺凌的二元提名：比较欺凌者及其受害者的类型

以前的研究表明，在识别参与欺凌的个人时，自我报告和同伴报告之间的一致性是低到中等的。有观点认为，自我认定和同伴认定的受害者构成了不同类型的受害者，并且在调整上有所不同。同样，区分欺凌的自我报告和同行报告也可能揭示不同类型的欺凌者。本研究的目的是检查通过二元提名（自我识别、受害者识别和自我/受害者识别）确定的欺凌类型之间的差异。首先，我们研究了欺凌的二元提名与传统的欺凌措施（即自我报告和同行报告）之间的一致性。其次，我们将欺凌类型与非欺凌者的行为特征进行了比较，重点是攻击性行为和社会地位。第三，我们研究了欺凌者的类型是否针对不同受欢迎程度的受害者，以及他们自身受欢迎程度的作用和受欢迎程度的优先级。参与者是 1,008 名荷兰青少年（50.1% 男性，法师 = 14.14 岁，标准差 [SD] = 1.30），他们完成了对二元提名、同伴提名和自我报告项目的课堂评估。结果表明，与自我认同的欺凌者和非欺凌者相比，受害者身份识别和自我/受害者身份识别欺凌者更具攻击性、更受欢迎，并且在社会上更不受欢迎。自我/受害者识别欺凌者针对具有最高社会地位的受害者。欺凌类型与受害者受欢迎程度之间的关联进一步通过欺凌者自身的受欢迎程度和他们对受欢迎程度的优先程度来限定。