Infectious diseases, in particular bacterial infections, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality posing a global threat to human health. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has exacerbated the problem further. Hence, there is a need to search for novel sources of antibacterials. Herein, we explored gut bacteria of a variety of animals living in polluted environments for their antibacterial properties against multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. A variety of species were procured including invertebrate species, Blaptica dubia (cockroach), Gromphadorhina portentosa (cockroach), Scylla serrata (crab), Grammostola rosea (tarantula), Scolopendra subspinipes (centipede) and vertebrate species including Varanus salvator (water monitor lizard), Malayopython reticulatus (python), Cuora amboinensis (tortoise), Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia fish), Rattus rattus (rat), Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken) and Lithobates catesbeianus (frog). Gut bacteria of these animals were isolated and identified using microbiological, biochemical, analytical profiling index (API) and through molecluar identification using 16S rRNA sequencing. Bacterial conditioned media (CM) were prepared and tested against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria as well as human cells (HaCaT). The results revealed that CM exhibited significant broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Upon heat inactivation, CM retained their antibacterial properties suggesting that this effect may be due to secondary metabolites or small peptides. CM showed minimal cytotoxicity against human cells. These findings suggest that gut bacteria of animals living in polluted environments produce broad-spectrum antibacterial molecule(s). The molecular identity of the active molecule(s) together with their mode of action is the subject of future studies which could lead to the rational development of novel antibacterial(s).

中文翻译：

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生活在污染环境中的动物的肠道细菌表现出广谱的抗菌活性。

传染病，尤其是细菌感染，是发病率和死亡率的主要原因，对人类健康构成了全球威胁。抗生素抗性的出现进一步加剧了该问题。因此，需要寻找抗菌的新来源。在这里，我们探索了生活在污染环境中的各种动物的肠道细菌对多种耐药性致病细菌的抗菌特性。采购了多种物种，包括无脊椎动物，双足Bl（Blaptica dubia）（蟑螂），Grommphadorhina portentosa（蟑螂），Sylla serrata（蟹），Grammostola rosea（狼蛛），Scolopendra subspinipes（cent）和脊椎动物物种包括Varanus salvator（水蜥蜴）。 ，Malayopython reticulatus（python），Cuora amboinensis（乌龟），莫桑比克Oreochromis mossambicus（罗非鱼），rattus rattus（rat），鸡Gallus domesticus（鸡）和Lithobates catesbeianus（青蛙）。使用微生物学，生化，分析谱分析指数（API）以及通过使用16S rRNA测序进行分子鉴定来分离和鉴定这些动物的肠道细菌。制备细菌条件培养基（CM），并针对选定的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性致病菌以及人类细胞（HaCaT）进行测试。结果表明，CM显示出显着的广谱抗菌活性。在热灭活后，CM保留了它们的抗菌特性，表明这种作用可能是由于次级代谢产物或小肽引起的。CM显示出对人细胞的最小细胞毒性。这些发现表明，生活在污染环境中的动物的肠道细菌会产生广谱抗菌分子。活性分子的分子身份以及它们的作用方式是未来研究的主题，这可能导致新型抗菌剂的合理开发。