Candida species, including C. albicans in particular, can cause superficial or invasive disease, often in patients with known acquired immunodeficiencies or iatrogenic conditions. The molecular and cellular basis of these infections in patients with such risk factors remained largely elusive, until the study of inborn errors of immunity clarified the basis of the corresponding inherited and “idiopathic” infections. Superficial candidiasis, also known as chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), can be caused by inborn errors of IL-17 immunity. Invasive candidiasis can be caused by inborn errors of CARD9 immunity. In this chapter, we review both groups of inborn errors of immunity, and discuss the contribution of these studies to the deciphering of the critical mechanisms of anti-Candida immunity in patients with other conditions.

念珠菌物种，尤其是白色念珠菌，通常会在患有已知的获得性免疫缺陷或医源性疾病的患者中引起浅表或浸润性疾病。在具有先天性免疫缺陷的研究阐明了相应的遗传性和“特发性”感染的基础之前，具有此类危险因素的患者在这些感染中的分子和细胞基础仍然难以捉摸。浅表念珠菌病，也称为慢性粘膜皮肤念珠菌病（CMC），可能是由IL-17免疫力的先天性错误引起的。侵袭性念珠菌病可能是由CARD9免疫的先天性错误引起的。在本章中，我们回顾了两组先天性免疫错误，并讨论了这些研究对破译免疫系统关键机制的贡献。其他条件下患者的念珠菌免疫力。