Insect symbionts benefit their host and their study requires large spectrum antibiotic use like tetracycline to weaken or suppress symbiotic communities. While antibiotics have a negative impact on insect fitness, little is known about antibiotic effects on insect microbial communities and how long they last. We characterized the bacterial communities of adult cabbage root fly Delia radicum in a Wolbachia-free population, evaluated the effect of tetracycline treatment on these communities over several generations. Three D. radicum generations were used: the first and second generation flies either ingested tetracycline or not, while the third generation flies were untreated but differed with their parents and/or grand-parents that had or had not been treated. Fly bacterial communities were sequenced using a 16S rRNA gene. Tetracycline decreased fly bacterial diversity and induced modifications in both bacterial abundance and relative frequencies, still visible on untreated offspring which parents and/or grandparents had been treated therefore demonstrating long lasting trans-generational effects on animal microbiomes after antibiotic treatment. Flies with an antibiotic history shared bacterial genera, potentially tetracycline-resistant and heritable. Next, the transmission should be investigated by comparing several insect development stages and plant compartments to assess vertical and horizontal transmissions of D. radicum bacterial communities.

中文翻译：

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抗生素对成年果蝇细菌群落的持久影响。

昆虫共生体使宿主受益，他们的研究需要使用广谱抗生素（如四环素）来减弱或抑制共生群落。尽管抗生素对昆虫的适应性有负面影响，但人们对抗生素对昆虫微生物群落的影响及其持续时间知之甚少。我们表征了成年白菜根蝇Delia radicum在无Wolbachia种群中的细菌群落，评估了多代对这些种群的四环素治疗效果。使用了三个世代的D. radicum：第一和第二代果蝇不摄入四环素，而第三代果蝇未经治疗，但其父母和/或祖父母曾接受过或未接受过治疗。使用16S rRNA基因对蝇细菌群落进行测序。四环素减少果蝇细菌多样性并诱导细菌丰度和相对频率的改变，在父母和/或祖父母接受过治疗的未处理后代中仍然​​可见，因此证明了抗生素治疗后对动物微生物群的持久跨代影响。具有抗生素史的果蝇具有共同的细菌属，可能具有四环素抗性和遗传性。接下来，应该通过比较昆虫的几个发育阶段和植物区隔来评估传播，以评估放射线虫细菌群落的垂直和水平传播。在未经治疗的后代中仍然​​可见，父母和/或祖父母已对其进行过治疗，因此证明了抗生素治疗后对动物微生物群的持久的跨代影响。具有抗生素史的果蝇具有共同的细菌属，可能具有四环素抗性和遗传性。接下来，应该通过比较昆虫的几个发育阶段和植物区隔来评估传播，以评估放射线虫细菌群落的垂直和水平传播。在未经治疗的后代中仍然​​可见，父母和/或祖父母已对其进行过治疗，因此证明了抗生素治疗后对动物微生物群的持久的跨代影响。具有抗生素史的果蝇具有共同的细菌属，可能具有四环素抗性和遗传性。接下来，应该通过比较昆虫的几个发育阶段和植物区隔来评估传播，以评估放射线虫细菌群落的垂直和水平传播。