Parasitic infections are associated with profound changes in the structure and function of the gut microbiome in various host-parasite systems. Here we examined the microbial composition and function in the abomasum, proximal colon and feces of Haemonchus contortus-infected goats after a partial anthelmintic drug clearance. A single-dose treatment of H. contortus-infected goats with Cydectin (moxidectin) resulted in an 83.9 % and 61.8 % reduction in fecal egg counts (EPG) and worm burden, respectively (P < 0.01), and restored abomasal pH to a normal baseline level. The treatment significantly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria, particularly that of Campylobacter, in the proximal colon. It also significantly affected several basic pathways, including bacterial secretion, butyrate metabolism, and LPS biosynthesis, and seemingly reduced the cellulolytic capacity in the colon. Several network modules displayed a strong correlation with EPG and worm burden. The Mantel test indicated a strong correlation between treatment related network topologies of the operational taxonomic units (OTU) belonging to Actinobacteria and Rikenellaceae and EPG and worm burden levels, respectively. Furthermore, microbial signatures that may better predict anthelmintic efficacy were identified. A signature or balance represented by the log ratio of the abundance of Verrucomicrobiaceae and Camplyobacteraceae had a strong correlation with EPG (r = 0.80). These novel insights into the interactions between H. contortus and gut microbiome in the caprine host and the consequence of a partial anthelmintic clearance on animal health and well-being may facilitate the design of more effective next-generation anthelmintics.

中文翻译：

---

肠道微生物特征与莫西克丁对感染山羊的扭曲血矛线虫的治疗效果相关。

寄生虫感染与各种宿主-寄生虫系统中肠道微生物组结构和功能的深刻变化有关。在这里，我们在部分驱虫药物清除后检查了感染扭曲血矛线虫的山羊的皱胃、近端结肠和粪便中的微生物组成和功能。用 Cydectin (moxidectin) 对 H. contortus 感染的山羊进行单剂量处理后，粪便卵数 (EPG) 和蠕虫负担分别减少了 83.9% 和 61.8% (P < 0.01)，并将厌恶的 pH 值恢复到正常基线水平。该处理显着增加了近端结肠中变形菌的丰度，特别是弯曲杆菌的丰度。它还显着影响了几个基本途径，包括细菌分泌、丁酸盐代谢和 LPS 生物合成，并且似乎降低了结肠中的纤维素分解能力。几个网络模块与 EPG 和蠕虫负担有很强的相关性。Mantel 测试表明，分别属于放线菌和 Rikenellaceae 的操作分类单元 (OTU) 的处理相关网络拓扑与 EPG 和蠕虫负荷水平之间存在很强的相关性。此外，确定了可以更好地预测驱虫效果的微生物特征。由 Verrucomicrobiaceae 和 Camplyobacteraceae 丰度的对数比表示的特征或平衡与 EPG 有很强的相关性（r = 0.80）。这些对 H.