BACKGROUND The incidence rate of elbow injuries has been rising in recent years among professional baseball pitchers. Determining valid screening procedures that allow practitioners to identify pitchers at an increased risk of such injuries is therefore of critical importance. PURPOSE To validate the use of countermovement jump (CMJ) tests as a diagnostic tool for pitcher conditioning. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS More than 500 pitchers at a single professional baseball organization performed preseason CMJ assessments on a force plate before the 2013 to 2018 seasons. Three measurements were extracted from ground-reaction force data during the test: eccentric rate of force development (ERFD), average vertical concentric force (AVCF), and concentric vertical impulse (CVI). Athletic trainers at the organization collected detailed information on elbow and shoulder injury rates as well as workload (pitch count) throughout the rest of the season. Poisson regression models were fit to investigate the dependency of injury rates on CMJ test performance. RESULTS ERFD, CVI, and AVCF were all significant predictors of elbow injury risk after accounting for pitcher age, weight, and workload. The analysis identified 3 specific indicators of heightened risk based on the results of a CMJ scan: low ERFD, a combination of low AVCF and high CVI, and a combination of high AVCF and low CVI. In contrast, shoulder injury risk was roughly independent of all 3 CMJ test measurements. CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis of the entire kinetic chain's involvement in pitching by establishing a link between CMJ test performance and elbow injury risk in professional baseball pitchers. CMJ assessment may be a powerful addition to injury risk alert and prevention protocols. Pitchers in high-risk groups can be prescribed specific exercise plans to improve movement imbalances.

中文翻译：

---

跳跃能告诉我们有关职业棒球投手肘部受伤的哪些信息？

背景技术近年来，在职业棒球投手中，肘部受伤的发生率一直在上升。因此，确定有效的筛查程序以使从业者能够识别出投手面临此类伤害的风险增加至关重要。目的验证反向移动跳跃（CMJ）测试作为投手调节的诊断工具的用途。研究设计病例对照研究；证据等级，3。方法在2013年至2018年赛季之前，单个职业棒球组织的500多名投手在一个力板上进行了季前CMJ评估。在测试过程中，从地面反应力数据中提取了三个测量值：偏心力发展率（ERFD），平均垂直同心力（AVCF）和同心垂直冲量（CVI）。该组织的运动训练员在整个赛季的剩余时间内收集了有关肘部和肩部受伤率以及工作量（俯仰数）的详细信息。泊松回归模型适合调查伤害率对CMJ测试性能的依赖性。结果在考虑了投手的年龄，体重和工作量之后，ERFD，CVI和AVCF都是肘部受伤风险的重要预测指标。分析基于CMJ扫描的结果确定了3个特定的风险增加指标：低ERFD，低AVCF和高CVI的组合以及高AVCF和低CVI的组合。相反，肩部受伤的风险与3个CMJ测试的测量结果大致无关。结论本研究支持整个动力学链的假设。通过建立CMJ测试表现与职业棒球投手的肘部受伤风险之间的联系来参与投球。CMJ评估可能是伤害风险预警和预防协议的有力补充。可以为高风险组的投手指定特定的锻炼计划，以改善运动不平衡。