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Chemokine CXCL13 in serum, CSF and blood–CSF barrier function: evidence of compartment restriction
Fluids and Barriers of the CNS ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-24 , DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-0170-5
Georg Pilz 1 , Irma Sakic 1 , Peter Wipfler 1 , Jörg Kraus 2, 3 , Elisabeth Haschke-Becher 2 , Wolfgang Hitzl 4, 5, 6 , Eugen Trinka 1 , Andrea Harrer 1
Affiliation  

Background and purpose Elevation of the chemokine CXCL13 in CSF frequently occurs during active and acute CNS inflammatory processes and presumably is associated with B cell-related immune activation. Elevation levels, however, vary a lot and “leaking” of CXCL13 from blood across dysfunctional brain barriers is a possible source. The aim was to clarify the relation between CXCL13 concentrations in CSF, CXCL13 concentrations in serum and blood–CSF barrier (BCSFB) function for a correct interpretation of the intrathecal origin of CXCL13. Methods We retrospectively analyzed CXCL13 of banked CSF/serum samples (n = 69) selected from patient records and categorized the CSF CXCL13 elevations as CXCL13 negative (< 30 pg/ml), low (30–100 pg/ml), medium (101–250 pg/ml), or high (> 250 pg/ml). CXCL13 concentrations in CSF and serum and the corresponding CSF/serum CXCL13 quotients (Qcxcl13) were compared to CSF/serum albumin quotients (QAlb) as a measure for BCSFB function. The CXCL13 negative category included two subgroups with normal and dysfunctional BCSFB. Results Serum CXCL13 concentrations were similar across categories with median levels around 100 pg/ml but differed between individuals (29 to > 505 pg/ml). Despite clear evidence in serum, CXCL13 was detectable only at trace amounts (medians 3.5 and 7.5 pg/ml) in CSF of the two CXCL13 negative subgroups irrespective of a normal or pathological QAlb. Moreover, we found no association between CSF and serum CXCL13 levels or between QAlb and CSF CXCL13 levels in any of the CSF CXCL13-delineated categories. CXCL13 apparently does not “leak” from blood into CSF. This implies an intrathecal origin also for low CSF CXCL13 levels and a caveat for analyzing the Qcxcl13, because higher serum than CSF concentrations arithmetically depress the Qcxcl13 resulting in misleadingly low CSF/serum quotients. Conclusion We demonstrated that CXCL13 does not cross from blood into CSF, not even during severe BCSFB dysfunction. CSF CXCL13 elevations therefore most likely always are CNS-derived, which highlights their relevance as indicator of inflammatory CNS processes. We recommend data should not be corrected for BCSFB permeability (QAlb) and not to calculate CSF/serum quotients for CXCL13 as these may introduce error.

中文翻译:

血清、CSF 和血-CSF 屏障功能中的趋化因子 CXCL13:隔室限制的证据

背景和目的 CSF 中趋化因子 CXCL13 的升高经常发生在活跃和急性 CNS 炎症过程中,并且可能与 B 细胞相关的免疫激活有关。然而,升高水平差异很大,CXCL13 从血液中穿过功能失调的脑屏障“泄漏”是一个可能的来源。目的是阐明脑脊液中 CXCL13 浓度、血清中 CXCL13 浓度和血脑脊液屏障 (BCSFB) 功能之间的关系,以便正确解释 CXCL13 的鞘内来源。方法 我们回顾性分析了从患者记录中选择的银行 CSF/血清样本 (n = 69) 的 CXCL13,并将 CSF CXCL13 升高分类为 CXCL13 阴性 (< 30 pg/ml)、低 (30-100 pg/ml)、中等 (101 –250 pg/ml)或高(> 250 pg/ml)。将脑脊液和血清中的 CXCL13 浓度和相应的脑脊液/血清 CXCL13 商数 (Qcxcl13) 与脑脊液/血清白蛋白商数 (QAlb) 进行比较,作为 BCSFB 功能的量度。CXCL13 阴性类别包括 BCSFB 正常和功能失调的两个亚组。结果 血清 CXCL13 浓度在各类别中相似,中值水平约为 100 pg/ml,但个体之间存在差异(29 至 > 505 pg/ml)。尽管在血清中有明确的证据,但在两个 CXCL13 阴性亚组的 CSF 中仅可检测到痕量(中位数为 3.5 和 7.5 pg/ml)的 CXCL13,而与正常或病理性 QAlb 无关。此外,我们发现在任何脑脊液 CXCL13 描述的类别中,脑脊液和血清 CXCL13 水平之间或 QAlb 和脑脊液 CXCL13 水平之间没有关联。CXCL13 显然不会从血液“泄漏”到脑脊液中。这意味着鞘内起源也适用于低 CSF CXCL13 水平和分析 Qcxcl13 的警告,因为高于 CSF 浓度的血清在算术上会抑制 Qcxcl13,从而导致 CSF/血清商数低。结论 我们证明 CXCL13 不会从血液进入 CSF,即使在严重的 BCSFB 功能障碍期间也不会。因此,CSF CXCL13 升高很可能总是源自 CNS,这突出了它们作为炎症性 CNS 过程指标的相关性。我们建议不应针对 BCSFB 渗透性 (QAlb) 校正数据,也不应计算 CXCL13 的 CSF/血清商,因为这些可能会引入错误。因为高于 CSF 浓度的血清在算术上会抑制 Qcxcl13,导致误导性地降低 CSF/血清商数。结论 我们证明 CXCL13 不会从血液进入 CSF,即使在严重的 BCSFB 功能障碍期间也不会。因此,CSF CXCL13 升高很可能总是源自 CNS,这突出了它们作为炎症性 CNS 过程指标的相关性。我们建议不应针对 BCSFB 渗透性 (QAlb) 校正数据,也不应计算 CXCL13 的 CSF/血清商,因为这些可能会引入错误。因为高于 CSF 浓度的血清在算术上会抑制 Qcxcl13,导致误导性地降低 CSF/血清商数。结论 我们证明 CXCL13 不会从血液进入 CSF,即使在严重的 BCSFB 功能障碍期间也不会。因此,CSF CXCL13 升高很可能总是源自 CNS,这突出了它们作为炎症性 CNS 过程指标的相关性。我们建议不应针对 BCSFB 渗透性 (QAlb) 校正数据,也不应计算 CXCL13 的 CSF/血清商,因为这些可能会引入错误。
更新日期:2020-02-24
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