The introduction of fluorine atoms into organic molecules has received considerable attention as these organofluorines have often found widespread applications in bioorganic chemistry, medicinal chemistry and biomaterial science. Despite innovation of synthetic C-F forming methodologies, selective fluorination is still extremely challenging. Therefore, a biotransformation approach using fluorine biocatalysts is needed to selectively introduce fluorine into structurally diverse molecules. Yet, there are few ways that enable incorporation of fluorine into structurally complex bioactive molecules. One is to extend the substrate scope of the existing enzyme inventory. Another is to expand the biosynthetic pathways to accept fluorinated precursors for producing fluorinated bioactive molecules. Finally, an understanding of the physiological roles of fluorometabolites in the producing microorganisms will advance our ability to engineer a microorganism to produce novel fluorinated commodities. Here, we review the fluorinase biotechnology and fluorine biocatalysts that incorporate fluorine motifs to generate fluorinated molecules, and highlight areas for future developments.

中文翻译：

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氟生物催化。

将氟原子引入有机分子受到了相当大的关注，因为这些有机氟经常在生物有机化学，药物化学和生物材料科学中得到广泛的应用。尽管合成CF形成方法有所创新，但选择性氟化仍极具挑战性。因此，需要使用氟生物催化剂的生物转化方法来将氟选择性地引入结构上多样化的分子中。然而，很少有方法能够将氟掺入结构复杂的生物活性分子中。一种是扩大现有酶库的底物范围。另一个是扩展生物合成途径以接受用于产生氟化生物活性分子的氟化前体。最后，对氟代代谢物在生产微生物中的生理作用的理解将提高我们改造微生物以生产新型氟化商品的能力。在这里，我们回顾了氟化酶生物技术和掺入氟基序以生成氟化分子的氟生物催化剂，并重点介绍了未来的发展领域。