The objective was to analyze clinical, microbiological, and immunological periodontal parameters in patients in corrective orthodontic treatment. Twenty-eight patients were selected. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), width of keratinized gingiva, levels of 40 bacterial species, and of 3 cytokines (IL-1β, MMP-8, and TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were evaluated at T0, before orthodontic treatment; T1, 6 months; and T2, 12 months post-treatment. Non-parametric, Friedman, Wilcoxon, ANOVA, and Spearman correlation coefficient tests were used for statistical analyses, with the significance level of 5%. No significant difference was found for the width of keratinized gingiva, but PI presented a significant increase at T1 and T2 (p < 0.05) when compared with T0. The percentage of sites with BOP increased significantly from T0 to T1 (p < 0.05); however, at T2, the values decreased and did not differ anymore from T0 (p > 0.05). In the microbiological analysis, red complex pathogens were in significantly greater proportions in T2 compared with T0 (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the cytokine levels between the periods but there was a positive correlation between BOP and IL-1β (r = 0.49 p = .01) and TNF-α (r = 0.39 and p = .05). In conclusion, corrective orthodontic treatment caused clinical periodontal alterations regarding biofilm accumulation and gingival bleeding, with alteration of periodontopathogens.

中文翻译：

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正畸矫正治疗中患者的临床，微生物学和免疫学评估。

目的是分析矫正矫正治疗患者的临床，微生物学和免疫学牙周参数。选择了二十八名患者。牙龈沟液（GCF）中的菌斑指数（PI），探查出血（BOP），角化牙龈宽度，40种细菌和3种细胞因子（IL-1β，MMP-8和TNF-α）的水平为正畸治疗前在T0评估；T1，6个月；T2，治疗后12个月。统计分析使用非参数，Friedman，Wilcoxon，ANOVA和Spearman相关系数检验，显着性水平为5％。角质化牙龈的宽度没有发现显着差异，但与T0相比，PI在T1和T2时有显着增加（p <0.05）。BOP位点的百分比从T0到T1显着增加（p <0.05）；但是，在T2时，该值下降并且与T0不再存在差异（p> 0.05）。在微生物学分析中，与T0相比，T2中红色复合病原体的比例明显更高（p <0.05）。在两个时期之间，细胞因子水平没有统计学上的显着差异，但BOP与IL-1β（r = 0.49 p = .01）和TNF-α（r = 0.39和p = .05）之间存在正相关。总之，正畸矫正治疗引起了有关生物膜积聚和牙龈出血的临床牙周变化，以及牙周病原体的变化。与T0相比，红色复杂病原体在T2中的比例明显更高（p <0.05）。在两个时期之间，细胞因子水平没有统计学上的显着差异，但BOP与IL-1β（r = 0.49 p = .01）和TNF-α（r = 0.39和p = .05）之间存在正相关。总之，正畸矫正治疗引起了有关生物膜积聚和牙龈出血的临床牙周变化，以及牙周病原体的变化。与T0相比，红色复杂病原体在T2中的比例明显更高（p <0.05）。在两个时期之间，细胞因子水平没有统计学上的显着差异，但BOP与IL-1β（r = 0.49 p = .01）和TNF-α（r = 0.39和p = .05）之间存在正相关。总之，正畸矫正治疗引起了有关生物膜积聚和牙龈出血的临床牙周变化，以及牙周病原体的变化。