Cells rely on a complex network of spatiotemporally regulated signaling activities to effectively transduce information from extracellular cues to intracellular machinery. To probe this activity architecture, researchers have developed an extensive molecular tool kit of fluorescent biosensors and optogenetic actuators capable of monitoring and manipulating various signaling activities with high spatiotemporal precision. The goal of this review is to provide readers with an overview of basic concepts and recent advances in the development and application of genetically encodable biosensors and optogenetic tools for understanding signaling activity.

中文翻译：

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使用可遗传编码的光学工具引发和监测信号事件的最新进展。

细胞依靠时空调节的信号传导活动的复杂网络来有效地将信息从细胞外信号传导到细胞内机制。为了探究这种活动架构，研究人员开发了一种广泛的分子工具套件，该套件包含荧光生物传感器和光遗传学致动器，能够以高时空精度监视和操纵各种信号活动。这篇综述的目的是为读者提供基本概念的概述，以及可遗传编码的生物传感器和光遗传学工具的发展和应用的最新进展，以了解信号传导活动。