We present an illustrative case of a 62-year-old woman with small cell lung cancer who developed progressive worsening of pre-existing anti-Hu antibody associated sensory neuronopathy after treatment with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, nivolumab. We review the literature and identify 6 reported cases to understand the clinical outcomes of patients with anti-Hu paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (PNS) treated with anti-PD-1 treatment. The PNS clinical spectrum comprised of encephalitis, a combination of sensory neuronopathy and anti-NMDAR encephalitis, isolated sensory neuronopathy, and encephalomyelitis. Immune checkpoint inhibitor have the potential to worsen pre-existing anti-Hu PNS and may promote the development of anti-Hu PNS.

中文翻译：

---

抗PD-1治疗相关的抗胡副肿瘤神经综合征恶化：病例报告及文献复习

我们展示了一个 62 岁的小细胞肺癌女性患者，在接受程序性细胞死亡 1 (PD-1) 抑制剂纳武单抗治疗后，先前存在的抗 Hu 抗体相关的感觉神经元病变逐渐恶化。我们回顾了文献并确定了 6 例报告病例，以了解抗胡副肿瘤神经综合征 (PNS) 患者接受抗 PD-1 治疗的临床结果。PNS 临床谱包括脑炎、感觉神经元病和抗 NMDAR 脑炎的组合、孤立的感觉神经元病和脑脊髓炎。免疫检查点抑制剂有可能使预先存在的抗 Hu PNS 恶化，并可能促进抗 Hu PNS 的发展。