The Project Talent Twin and Sibling (PTTS) study includes 4481 multiples and their 522 nontwin siblings from 2233 families. The sample was drawn from Project Talent, a U.S. national longitudinal study of 377,000 individuals born 1942–1946, first assessed in 1960 and representative of U.S. students in secondary school (Grades 9–12). In addition to the twins and triplets, the 1960 dataset includes 84,000 siblings from 40,000 other families. This design is both genetically informative and unique in facilitating separation of the ‘common’ environment into three sources of variation: shared by all siblings within a family, specific to twin-pairs, and associated with school/community-level factors. We term this the GIFTS model for genetics, individual, family, twin, and school sources of variance. In our article published in a previous Twin Research and Human Genetics special issue, we described data collections conducted with the full Project Talent sample during 1960–1974, methods for the recent linking of siblings within families, identification of twins, and the design of a 54-year follow-up of the PTTS sample, when participants were 68–72 years old. In the current article, we summarize participation and data available from this 2014 collection, describe our method for assigning zygosity using survey responses and yearbook photographs, illustrate the GIFTS model applied to 1960 vocabulary scores from more than 80,000 adolescent twins, siblings and schoolmates and summarize the next wave of PTTS data collection being conducted as part of the larger Project Talent Aging Study.

中文翻译：

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项目人才双胞胎和兄弟姐妹研究：接合性和新数据收集


双胞胎和兄弟姐妹项目 (PTTS) 研究包括来自 2233 个家庭的 4481 名多胞胎及其 522 名非双胞胎兄弟姐妹。样本取自“人才计划”，这是一项针对 1942 年至 1946 年出生的 377,000 名个人的美国全国纵向研究，于 1960 年首次评估，代表美国中学学生（9 至 12 年级）。除了双胞胎和三胞胎之外，1960 年的数据集还包括来自 40,000 个其他家庭的 84,000 名兄弟姐妹。这种设计既具有遗传信息，又独特，有助于将“共同”环境分为三个变异来源：家庭中所有兄弟姐妹共享的、双胞胎特有的以及与学校/社区层面因素相关的。我们将其称为遗传、个人、家庭、双胞胎和学校方差来源的 GIFTS 模型。在上一期《双胞胎研究和人类遗传学》特刊上发表的文章中，我们描述了 1960 年至 1974 年期间使用完整的人才计划样本进行的数据收集、近期家庭内兄弟姐妹的联系方法、双胞胎的识别以及双胞胎的设计。对 PTTS 样本进行 54 年随访，参与者年龄为 68-72 岁。在本文中，我们总结了 2014 年收集的参与情况和可用数据，描述了我们使用调查回复和年鉴照片分配接合性的方法，说明了应用于 80,000 多名青少年双胞胎、兄弟姐妹和同学的 1960 年词汇分数的 GIFTS 模型，并总结了下一波 PTTS 数据收集正在作为更大的项目人才老龄化研究的一部分进行。