Poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerases (PARPs) promote ADP-ribosylation, a highly conserved, fundamental posttranslational modification (PTM). PARP catalytic domains transfer the ADP-ribose moiety from NAD+ to amino acid residues of target proteins, leading to mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation or PARylation). This PTM regulates various key biological and pathological processes. In this review, we focus on the roles of the PARP family members in inflammation and host-pathogen interactions. Here we give an overview the current understanding of the mechanisms by which PARPs promote or suppress proinflammatory activation of macrophages, and various roles PARPs play in virus infections. We also demonstrate how innovative technologies, such as proteomics and systems biology, help to advance this research field and describe unanswered questions.

中文翻译：

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PARPs和ADP-核糖基化对炎症和宿主-病原体相互作用的影响。

聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶（PARP）促进ADP核糖基化，这是一种高度保守的基本翻译后修饰（PTM）。PARP催化域将ADP-核糖部分从NAD +转移到目标蛋白的氨基酸残基，从而导致单-或多-ADP-核糖基化（MARylation或PARylation）。该PTM调节各种关键的生物学和病理学过程。在这篇综述中，我们集中于PARP家族成员在炎症和宿主-病原体相互作用中的作用。在这里，我们概述了PARPs促进或抑制巨噬细胞促炎激活的机制的当前理解，以及PARPs在病毒感染中发挥的各种作用。我们还将展示蛋白质组学和系统生物学等创新技术如何