Shigella flexneri is a leading etiologic agent of diarrhea in low socioeconomic countries. Notably, various serotypes in S. flexneri are reported from different regions of the world. The precise approximations of illness and death owing to shigellosis are missing in low socioeconomic countries, although it is widespread in different regions. The inadequate statistics available reveal S. flexneri to be a significant food and waterborne pathogen. All over the world, different antibiotic-resistant strains of S. flexneri serotypes have been emerged especially multidrug-resistant strains. Recently, increased resistance was observed in cephalosporins (3rd generation), azithromycin, and fluoroquinolones. There is a need for a continuous surveillance study on antibiotic resistance that will be helpful in the update of the antibiogram. The shigellosis burden can be reduced by adopting preventive measures like delivery of safe drinking water, suitable sanitation, and development of an effective and inexpensive multivalent vaccine. This review attempts to provide the recent findings of S. flexneri related to epidemiology and the emergence of multidrug resistance.

中文翻译：

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弗氏志贺菌：一种新兴病原体。

弗氏志贺氏菌是低社会经济国家腹泻的主要病因。值得注意的是，来自世界不同地区的弗氏链球菌有多种血清型。尽管在不同地区普遍存在这种疾病，但在低社会经济国家中，由于志贺氏菌病而导致的疾病和死亡的精确近似值仍然缺失。可用的统计数据不足表明，弗氏链球菌是重要的食物和水传播病原体。在世界范围内，已经出现了不同的弗氏链球菌血清型的抗生素抗性菌株，尤其是耐多药菌株。最近，在头孢菌素（第三代），阿奇霉素和氟喹诺酮类药物中观察到耐药性增加。需要对抗生素耐药性进行连续监测研究，这将有助于更新抗菌素谱。通过采取预防措施，例如提供安全的饮用水，适当的卫生设施以及开发有效且廉价的多价疫苗，可以减轻志贺氏菌病的负担。这项审查试图提供有关流行病学和多药耐药性出现的弗氏链球菌的最新发现。