During the last two decades, many onygenalean pathogens were discovered, redefined, or re-classified from existing taxa into clusters of micro-species, among which the original genotypes often appeared to be uncommon and exceptional. The impact of these developments on the diagnosis and treatment of fungal diseases remains to be determined in most instances. This exciting collection of invited articles provides a full flavor of ongoing changes in the knowledge about taxonomy, genetics, ecology, epidemiology, and clinical spectra of human and animal pathogens classified in the order Onygenales. Recent developments have set the stage for an ambitious translational research agenda. Diagnostic mycology laboratories now need MALDI-TOF-MS spectra, PCR probes, and other specific tools to assist them in the rapid diagnosis of new species. Similarly, an educational set of type materials of new species needs to be readily available for enhanced expertise among the wider medical mycology community. As several new species were discovered retrospectively, it is crucial to expand the re-sampling to other fungal culture collections and archived paraffin tissues. Finally, clinical and laboratory investigations are needed to get an accurate assessment of the prevalence and impact of new pathogens as the cause of major fungal diseases.

中文翻译：

---

指甲癣真菌是人类和动物的主要病原体。

在过去的二十年中，从现有的分类单元中发现，重新定义或重新分类了许多非基因型致病菌，并将其分类为微型物种簇，其中原始基因型常常显得不常见且异常。在大多数情况下，这些进展对真菌疾病的诊断和治疗的影响尚待确定。这个令人兴奋的邀请文章集提供了有关按Onygenales分类的人类和动物病原体的分类学，遗传学，生态学，流行病学和临床谱的知识的不断变化的完整信息。最近的发展为雄心勃勃的翻译研究议程奠定了基础。诊断真菌学实验室现在需要MALDI-TOF-MS光谱，PCR探针和其他特定工具来帮助他们快速诊断新物种。同样，需要提供一套具有教育意义的新物种典型材料集，以增强更广泛的医学真菌学界的专业知识。回顾性发现了几个新物种，将重采样扩展到其他真菌培养物收集物和存档石蜡组织至关重要。最后，需要进行临床和实验室研究，以准确评估作为主要真菌疾病原因的新病原体的流行和影响。