In recent years, advances in structural biology, integrative modelling, and simulation approaches have allowed us to gain unprecedented insights into viral structure and dynamics. In this article we survey recent studies utilizing this wealth of structural information to build computational models of partial or complete viruses and to elucidate mechanisms of viral function. Additionally, the close interplay of viral pathogens with host factors - such as cellular and intracellular membranes, receptors, antibodies, and other host proteins - makes accurate models of viral interactions and dynamics essential. As viruses continue to pose severe challenges in prevention and treatment, enhancing our mechanistic understanding of viral infection is vital to enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

中文翻译：

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病毒的多尺度建模和仿真。

近年来，结构生物学，集成建模和模拟方法的进步使我们对病毒的结构和动力学有了空前的见识。在本文中，我们调查了最近的研究，这些研究利用这些丰富的结构信息来构建部分或完整病毒的计算模型，并阐明了病毒功能的机制。此外，病毒病原体与宿主因子（例如细胞和细胞内膜，受体，抗体和其他宿主蛋白）的紧密相互作用，使得病毒相互作用和动力学的精确模型至关重要。随着病毒在预防和治疗方面继续构成严峻挑战，增强我们对病毒感染的机制理解对于开发新的治疗策略至关重要。