Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background and Purpose: There is a need to translate promising basic research about environmental enrichment to clinical stroke settings. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of enriched, task-specific therapy in individuals with chronic stroke. Methods: This is an exploratory study with a within-subject, repeated-measures design. The intervention was preceded by a baseline period to determine the stability of the outcome measures. Forty-one participants were enrolled at a mean of 36 months poststroke. The 3-week intervention combined physical therapy with social and cognitive stimulation inherent to environmental enrichment. The primary outcome was motor recovery measured by Modified Motor Assessment Scale (M-MAS). Secondary outcomes included balance, walking, distance walked in 6 minutes, grip strength, dexterity, and multiple dimensions of health. Assessments were made at baseline, immediately before and after the intervention, and at 3 and 6 months. Results: The baseline measures were stable. The 39 participants (95%) who completed the intervention had increases of 2.3 points in the M-MAS UAS and 5 points on the Berg Balance Scale (both P < 0.001; SRM >0.90), an improvement of comfortable and fast gait speed of 0.13 and 0.23 m/s, respectively. (P < 0.001; SRM = 0.88), an increased distance walked over 6 minutes (24.2 m; P < 0.001; SRM = 0.64), and significant improvements in multiple dimensions of health. The improvements were sustained at 6 months. Discussion and Conclusions: Enriched, task-specific therapy may provide durable benefits across a wide spectrum of motor deficits and impairments after stroke. Although the results must be interpreted cautiously, the findings have implications for enriching strategies in stroke rehabilitation. Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A304).

中文翻译：

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中风后慢性期的丰富、任务特异性治疗

补充数字内容在文本中可用。背景和目的：有必要将关于环境丰富的有前景的基础研究转化为临床卒中环境。本研究的目的是评估针对慢性卒中患者的丰富、任务特异性治疗的有效性。方法：这是一项探索性研究，采用受试者内重复测量设计。干预之前有一个基线期，以确定结果测量的稳定性。41 名参与者在中风后平均 36 个月时入组。为期 3 周的干预将物理治疗与环境丰富所固有的社会和认知刺激相结合。主要结果是通过改良运动评估量表 (M-MAS) 测量的运动恢复。次要结果包括平衡、行走、6分钟步行距离、握力、灵巧度和健康的多个维度。在基线、干预前后以及 3 个月和 6 个月时进行评估。结果：基线测量值稳定。完成干预的 39 名参与者 (95%) 在 M-MAS UAS 中增加了 2.3 分，在 Berg 平衡量表中增加了 5 分（均 P < 0.001；SRM > 0.90），舒适和快速的步态速度提高了分别为 0.13 和 0.23 m/s。（P < 0.001；SRM = 0.88），6 分钟内步行距离增加（24.2 m；P < 0.001；SRM = 0.64），健康的多个维度都有显着改善。改善持续到 6 个月。讨论与结论：丰富，特定任务的治疗可以为卒中后的广泛运动缺陷和损伤提供持久的益处。尽管必须谨慎解释结果，但这些发现对丰富中风康复策略具有重要意义。视频摘要可从作者那里获得更多见解（参见视频，补充数字内容 1，可在以下网址获取：http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A304）。